PNNL

Abstract

Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) is gaining recognition as a necessary action in addition to emissions reduction to prevent some of the worst effects of climate change. Macroalgae aquaculture has been identified by several highly recognized organizations as a potential CDR strategy, and significant research investments have been made in this area. This article reviews current methods for monitoring carbon to assess the potential for application in the context of macroalgae aquaculture as a CDR strategy. 382 papers were included in the review and categorized by carbon uptake methods, carbon permanence methods, and comprehensive frameworks. While methods for measuring carbon uptake are more established, methods to assess the permanence of carbon in the natural life cycle of macroalgae and the permanence in products following harvest are found to be the most lacking. To achieve the full benefit of macroalgae cultivation as a climate solution, monitoring, reporting and verification standards in addition to improved methods for assessing carbon uptake and permanence need to be developed.