PNNL

Abstract

In vivo electronic monitoring systems are a promising technology to obtain information of an aquatic animal. State-of-the-art devices are constrained by limited sensors, large dimensions and weight, and short device longevity. Here, we report the Lab-on-a-Fish: the world’s first biotelemetry tag that combines in vivo physiology (electrocardiogram and electromyogram), behavior (acceleration, gyration), and ambient environment (temperature, pressure, and magnetic field) sensing and intelligent onboard algorithm for real-time data analysis. The device exhibits a miniaturized form factor (wet weight: 0.8 g, dimension: 5.5 mm × 6.5 mm × 37 mm) to remain useful for small animals. The longevity of the device is up to eight months. The Lab-on-a-Fish can store the raw data and wirelessly transmit multiplexed digital sensor data up to 400 meters. Long-term in vivo device validation on three species (rainbow trout, sturgeon, and walleye) demonstrated the device’s sensing capabilities and reliability for biological and environmental applications.