Materials Scientist
Materials Scientist

Biography

Steven R. Spurgeon is a senior materials data scientist at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) supporting the National Security Directorate (NSD). Spurgeon is a joint appointee with PNNL and the University of Washington where he serves as an affiliate associate professor in physics. Spurgeon also serves as the thrust leader for the Adaptive Tunability for Synthesis and Control via Autonomous Learning on Edge initiative, which is an interdisciplinary initiative at PNNL aimed at transforming materials synthesis by developing closed-loop autonomous precision synthesis.

Spurgeon’s research focuses on developing artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)-guided synthesis, characterization, and modeling of nanomaterials for next-generation electronics, quantum computing, and energy storage. He is a pioneer in the development of high-resolution, data-driven characterization and design of complex nanomaterials informed by advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy.

He is the author of numerous articles, book chapters, patent applications. Spurgeon has also contributed to developing several software packages for AI and ML. He has broad experience leading multidisciplinary teams to deliver unique science and solutions to government, academia, and industry.

Research Interest

  • Materials synthesis
  • Materials processing
  • Data science
  • Electron microscopy
  • Artificial intelligence

Disciplines and Skills

  • Data science
  • Electron microscopy
  • Irradiated materials characterization
  • Machine learning
  • Materials characterization
  • Materials science and engineering

Education

  • PhD in materials science and engineering, Drexel University, 2014
  • BS in materials science and engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 2009

Affiliations and Professional Service

  • Chair-Elect, Focused Interest Group Committee, Microscopy Society of America, 2023–Present
  • Editor, Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2022–Present
  • Member, Proposal Review Board, Molecular Foundry, 2021–Present
  • Member, American Physical Society, 2007–Present
  • Member, Materials Research Society, 2005–Present
  • Member, Microscopy Society of America, 2005–Present

Awards and Recognitions

  • Ronald L. Brodzinski Award for Early Career Exceptional Achievement, PNNL, 2022
  • Innovation in Research Award, NSD, PNNL, 2021
  • Core Values Award, NSD, PNNL, 2020
  • Outstanding Performance Award, NSD, PNNL, 2018
  • Pathway to Excellence Award, NSD, PNNL, 2017
  • Postdoctoral Research Award, Microscopy Society of America, 2016
  • National Defense Science and Engineering Fellowship, Department of Defense, 2011–2014
  • Gold Graduate Student Research Award, Materials Research Society, 2013
  • Presidential Student Award, Microscopy Society of America, 2013
  • Integrative Graduate Education and Research Traineeship Fellowship, National Science Foundation, 2009

Publications

2023

  • Kalinin, S.V., Mukherjee, D., Roccapriore, K., Blaiszik, B., Ghosh, A., Ziatdinov, M., Al-Najjar, N., Doty, C.M., Akers, S.M., Rao, N.S., Agar, J. and S.R. Spurgeon. “Machine learning for automated experimentation in scanning transmission electron microscopy.” npj Computational Materials. 9 (2023): 227. DOI:10.1038/s41524-023-01142-0
  • Ter-Petrosyan, A.H., Bilbrey, J.A., Doty, C.M., Matthews, B.E., Wang, L., Du, Y., Lang, E., Hattar, K., and S.R. Spurgeon. “Unsupervised segmentation of irradiation‐induced order‐disorder phase transitions in electron microscopy.” Proceedings of Thirty-Seventh Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS). (2023). DOI:10.48550/arXiv.2311.08585
  • Spurgeon, S.R., Yano, K., Doty, C., Akers, S., and M.J. Olszta. “Revealing the latent atomic world through data-driven microscopy.” Microscopy and Analysis. 37.6 (2023): S3-S7.
  • Fiedler, K.R., Olszta, M., Yano, K., Doty, C., Hopkins, D., Akers, S., and S.R. Spurgeon. “Evaluating stage motion for automated electron microscopy.” Microscopy and Microanalysis. 29.6 (2023): 1931–1939. DOI:10.1093/micmic/ozad108
  • Kaspar, T.C., Spurgeon, S.R., Yano, K.H., Matthews, B.E., Bowden, M.E., Ophus, C., Kim, H., Wang, Y., and D.K. Schreiber. “Role of structural defects in mediating disordering processes at irradiated epitaxial Fe3O4 / Cr2O3 interfaces.” Physical Review Materials. 7 (2023): 093604. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.7.093604
  • Yama, N.S., Cheng, I-T., Chakravarthi, S., Li, B., Pederson, C., Matthews, B.E., Spurgeon, S.R., Perea, D.E., Wirth, M.G., Sushko, P.V., Li, M., and K-M. Fu. “Silicon-lattice-matched boron-doped gallium phosphide: A scalable acousto-optic platform.” Advanced Materials. (2023). DOI:10.1002/adma.202305434
  • Spurgeon, S.R., Yano, K., Doty, C., Akers, S., and M.J. Olszta. “Revealing the latent atomic world through data-driven microscopy.” JEOL News. 58.1 (2023): 2–11.
  • Spurgeon, S.R., Mukherjee, D., Gibson, W., and Lupini, A. “Focused interest groups propel innovation in the emerging data-driven hardware ecosystem.” Microscopy Today. 31.4 (2023): 20–21. DOI:10.1093/mictod/qaad042
  • Blanchet, M.D., Matthews, B.E., Spurgeon, S.R., Heald, S.M., Isaacs-Smith, T., and R.B. Comes. “Jahn-Teller-driven phase segregation in MnCo3-xO4 spinel thin films.” Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A. (2023).
  • Taylor, S.D., Yano, K.H., Sassi, M., Matthews, B.E., Kautz, E.J., Lambeets, S.V., Neumann, S., Schreiber, D.K., Wang, L., Du, Y. and S.R. Spurgeon. “Resolving diverse oxygen transport pathways across La1−xSrxFeO3 and metal-perovskite heterostructures.” Advanced Materials Interfaces. (2023): 2202276. DOI:10.1002/admi.202202276

2022

  • Fu, W., Spurgeon, S.R., Wang, C., Shao, Y. Peles, A., and W. Wang. “Deep-learning-based prediction of nanoparticle phase transitions during in situ transmission electron microscopy.” (2022). https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.11407
  • Adiga, P., Wang, L., Wong, C., Matthews, B.E., Bowden, M.E., Spurgeon, S.R., Sterbinsky, G.E., Blum, M., Choi, M.-J., Tao, J., Kaspar, T.C., Chambers, S.A., Stoerzinger, K.A., and Y. Du. “Correlation between oxygen evolution reaction activity and surface compositional evolution in epitaxial La0.5Sr0.5Ni1−xFexO3−δthin films .” Nanoscale. 15 (2022): 1119–1127. DOI:10.1039/D2NR05373J
  • Yoon, H., Truttman, T., Liu, F., Matthews, B.E., Su, Q., Saraswat, V., Manzo, S., Arnold, M., Kawasaki, J., Koester, S., Spurgeon, S.R., Chambers, S.A., and B. Jalan. “Free-standing epitaxial SrTiO3 nanomembranes via hybrid molecular beam epitaxy on graphene.” Science Advances. 8 (2022): eadd5328. DOI:10.1126/sciadv.add5328
  • Lewis, N., Jin, Y., Tang, X., Shah, V., Doty, C., Matthews, B.E., Akers, S. and S.R. Spurgeon. “Forecasting of in situ electron energy loss spectroscopy.” npj Computational Materials. 8 (2022): 252. DOI:10.1038/s41524-022-00940-2
  • Yano, K., Kohnert, A., Kaspar, T.C., Taylor, S.D., Spurgeon, S.R., Kim, H., Wang, Y., Uberuaga, B.P., and D.K. Schreiber. “Dose rate dependent cation and anion radiation enhanced diffusion in hematite.” Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 10 (2022): 24167–24177. DOI:10.1039/D2TA03403D
  • Kalinin, S.V., Ziatdinov, M., Spurgeon, S.R., Ophus, C., Stach, E.A., Susi, T., Agar, J., and J. Randall. “Deep learning for electron and scanning probe microscopy: from materials design to atomic fabrication.” MRS Bulletin. 47 (2022): 931–939. DOI:10.1557/s43577-022-00413-3
  • Liu, F., Truttmann, T.K., Lee, D., Matthews, B.E., Laraib, I., Janotti, A., Spurgeon, S.R., Chambers, S.A., and B. Jalan. “Hybrid molecular beam epitaxy of Ge-based oxides.” Communications Materials. 3 (2022): 69. DOI:10.1038/s43246-022-00290-y
  • Thapa, S., Provence, S., Gemperline, P.T., Matthews, B.E., Spurgeon, S.R., Battles, S., Heald, S.M., Kuroda, M.A., and R.B. Comes. “Surface stability of SrNbO3+δ grown by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy.” APL Materials. 10 (2022): 091112. DOI:10.1063/5.0097699
  • Wang, L., Zhao, J., Kuo, C-T., Matthews, B.E., Oostrom, M.T., Spurgeon, S.R., Bowden, M.E., Lee, S-J., Lee, J-S., Guo, E-J., Wang, J., Chambers, S.A., and Y. Du. “Synthesis and electronic properties of epitaxial SrNiO3 / SrTiO3 superlattices.” Physical Review Materials. 6 (2022): 075006. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.075006
  • Kaspar, T.C., Hatton, P.J., Yano, K.H., Taylor, S.D., Spurgeon, S.R., Uberuaga, B.P., and D.K. Schreiber. “Adatom-driven oxygen intermixing during the deposition of oxide thin films by molecular beam epitaxy.” Nano Letters. 22.12 (2022): 4963–4969. DOI:10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01678
  • Olszta, M., Hopkins, D., Fiedler, K.R., Oostrom, M., Akers, S., and S.R. Spurgeon. “An automated scanning transmission electron microscope guided by sparse data analytics.” Microscopy and Microanalysis. 28.5 (2022): 1611–1621. DOI:10.1017/S1431927622012065
  • Sassi, M., Spurgeon, S.R., Matthews, B.E., Devaraj, A., and D.J. Senor. “Characterization and first principles modeling of tritium trapping in γ-LiAlO2 nanovoids.” Journal of Physical Chemistry C. 126.12 (2022): 5767–-5776. DOI:10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c00381
  • Bredar, A.R.C., Blanchet, M.D., Burton, A.R., Matthews, B.E., Spurgeon, S.R., Comes, R.B., and B.H. Farnum. “Oxygen reduction electrocatalysis with epitaxially grown spinel MnFe2O4 and Fe3O4.” ACS Catalysis. 12 (2022): 3577–3588. DOI:10.1021/acscatal.1c05172
  • Chambers, S.A., Chrysler, M., Ngai, J., Lee, T.-L., Gabel, J., Matthews, B.E., Spurgeon, S.R., Bowden, M.E., Zhu, Z., and P.V. Sushko. “Mapping hidden space-charge distributions across crystalline metal oxide/group IV semiconductor interfaces.” Physical Review Materials. 6 (2022): 015002. DOI:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.6.015002
  • Doty C., S. Gallagher, W. Cui, W. Chen, S. Bhushan, M.T. Oostrom, and S.M. Akers, et al. 2022. "Design of a Graphical User Interface for Few-Shot Machine Learning Classification of Electron Microscopy Data." Computational Materials Science 203. PNNL-SA-164356. doi:10.1016/j.commatsci.2021.111121

2021

  • Akers S.M., E.J. Kautz, A. Trevino-Gavito, M.J. Olszta, B.E. Matthews, L. Wang, and Y. Du, et al. 2021. "Rapid and Flexible Segmentation of Electron Microscopy Data Using Few-Shot Machine Learning." npj Computational Materials 7. PNNL-SA-160786. doi:10.1038/s41524-021-00652-z
  • Bard A., X. Zhou, X. Xia, G. Zhu, M.B. Lim, S. Kim, and M.C. Johnson, et al. 2021. "Reply to Comment on “A Mechanistic Understanding of Nonclassical Crystal Growth in Hydrothermally Synthesized Sodium Yttrium Fluoride Nanowires”." Chemistry of Materials 33, no. 10:3862-3864. PNNL-SA-160782. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c04469
  • Blanchet M., J. Heath, T.C. Kaspar, B.E. Matthews, S.R. Spurgeon, M.E. Bowden, and S.M. Heald, et al. 2021. "Electronic and Structural Properties of Single-crystal Jahn-Teller Active Co1+xMn2-xO4 Thin Films." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 33, no. 12:124002. PNNL-SA-156954. doi:10.1088/1361-648X/abd573
  • Chrysler M., J. Gabel, T. Lee, A. Penn, B.E. Matthews, D.M. Kepaptsoglou, and Q. Ramasse, et al. 2021. "Tuning band alignment at a semiconductor-crystalline oxide heterojunction via electrostatic modulation of the interfacial dipole." Physical Review Materials 5, no. 10:104603. PNNL-SA-163062. doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.5.104603
  • Kaspar T.C., S.R. Spurgeon, B.E. Matthews, M.E. Bowden, S.M. Heald, L. Wang, and R. Kelley, et al. 2021. "Incorporation of Ti in epitaxial Fe2TiO4 thin films." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 33, no. 31:Article No. 314004. PNNL-SA-160885. doi:10.1088/1361-648X/ac0571
  • Matthews B.E., M. Sassi, C.M. Barr, C. Ophus, T.C. Kaspar, W. Jiang, and K. Hattar, et al. 2021. "Percolation of Ion-Irradiation-Induced Disorder in Complex Oxide Interfaces." Nano Letters 21, no. 12:5353-5359. PNNL-SA-161595. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01651
  • Spurgeon S.R., C. Ophus, L. Jones, A.K. Petford-Long, S.V. Kalinin, M.J. Olszta, and R. Dunin-Borkowski, et al. 2021. "Towards Data-Driven Next-Generation Transmission Electron Microscopy." Nature Materials 20. PNNL-SA-152427. doi:10.1038/s41563-020-00833-z
  • Wang L., P.P. Adiga, J. Zhao, W.S. Samarakoon, K.A. Stoerzinger, S.R. Spurgeon, and B.E. Matthews, et al. 2021. "Understanding the Electronic Structure Evolution of Epitaxial LaNi1-xFexO3 Thin Films for Water Oxidation." Nano Letters 21, no. 19:8324-8331. PNNL-SA-163586. doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02901
  • Yu X., J. Yao, B.E. Matthews, S.R. Spurgeon, S.L. Riechers, G.J. Sevigny, and Z. Zhu, et al. 2021. "Evidence of lithium mobility under neutron irradiation." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 14. PNNL-SA-159010. doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.06.066

2020

  • Bard A., X. Zhou, X. Xia, G. Zhu, M.B. Lim, S. Kim, and M.C. Johnson, et al. 2020. "A Mechanistic Understanding of Nonclassical Crystal Growth in Hydrothermally Synthesized Sodium Yttrium Fluoride Nanowires." Chemistry of Materials 32, no. 7:2753-2763. PNNL-SA-147967. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b04076
  • Durnev M., M. Glazov, X. Linpeng, M. Viitaniemi, B.E. Matthews, S.R. Spurgeon, and P.V. Sushko, et al. 2020. "Microscopic model for the stacking-fault potential and the exciton wave function in GaAs." Physical Review B 101, no. 12:Article No. 125420. PNNL-SA-148814. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.101.125420
  • Jiang W., S.R. Spurgeon, B.E. Matthews, A.K. Battu, S. China, T. Varga, and A. Devaraj, et al. 2020. "Carbonaceous deposits on aluminide coatings in tritium-producing assemblies." Nuclear Materials and Energy 25. PNNL-SA-153196. doi:10.1016/j.nme.2020.100797
  • Popel A., S.R. Spurgeon, B.E. Matthews, M.J. Olszta, B.T. Tan, T. Gouder, and R. Eloiridi, et al. 2020. "An Atomic-Scale Understanding of UO2 Surface Evolution During Anoxic Dissolution." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 12, no. 35:39781-39786. PNNL-SA-152605. doi:10.1021/acsami.0c09611
  • Scafetta M., T.C. Kaspar, M.E. Bowden, S.R. Spurgeon, B.E. Matthews, and S.A. Chambers. 2020. "Reversible Oxidation Quantified by Optical Properties in Epitaxial Fe2CrO4+d Films on (001) MgAl2O4." ACS Omega 5, no. 7:3240-3249. PNNL-SA-143728. doi:10.1021/acsomega.9b03299
  • Spurgeon S.R. 2020. "Order-Disorder Behavior at Thin Film Oxide Interfaces." Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 24, no. 6:100870. PNNL-SA-154843. doi:10.1016/j.cossms.2020.100870
  • Wang L., Z. Yang, M.E. Bowden, J.W. Freeland, P.V. Sushko, S.R. Spurgeon, and B.E. Matthews, et al. 2020. "Hole-Trapping-Induced Stabilization of Ni4+ in SrNiO3/ LaFeO3 Superlattices." Advanced Materials 32, no. 45:2005003. PNNL-SA-152538. doi:10.1002/adma.202005003

2019

  • Kaspar T.C., C.L. Arendt, D.L. Neal, S.L. Riechers, C.E. Rutherford, A.L. Schemer-Kohrn, and S.R. Spurgeon, et al. 2019. "Characterization of surface layers formed on DU10Mo ingots after processing steps and high humidity exposure." Journal of Nuclear Materials 514. PNNL-SA-136846. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.11.022
  • Kaspar T.C., P.V. Sushko, S.R. Spurgeon, M.E. Bowden, D.J. Keavney, R.B. Comes, and S. Saremi, et al. 2019. "Electronic structure and band alignment of LaMnO3 / SrTiO3 polar / non-polar heterojunctions." Advanced Materials Interfaces 6, no. 1:1801428. PNNL-SA-137669. doi:10.1002/admi.201801428
  • Sassi M., T.C. Kaspar, K.M. Rosso, and S.R. Spurgeon. 2019. "Effect of structure and composition on the electronic excitation induced amorphization of La2Ti2-xZrxO7 ceramics." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1:Article No. 8190. PNNL-SA-139722. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44621-5
  • Scafetta M., Z. Yang, S.R. Spurgeon, M.E. Bowden, T.C. Kaspar, S.M. Heald, and S.A. Chambers. 2019. "Epitaxial growth and atomic arrangement in Fe2CrO4 on crystal symmetry matched (001) MgAl2O4." Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A--Vacuum, Surfaces and Films 37, no. 3:Article number 031511. PNNL-SA-141354. doi:10.1116/1.5093537
  • Spurgeon S.R., M. Sassi, C. Ophus, J. Stubbs, E.S. Ilton, and E.C. Buck. 2019. "Nanoscale Oxygen Defect Gradients in UO2+x Surfaces." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 116, no. 35:17181-17186. PNNL-SA-141717. doi:10.1073/pnas.1905056116

2018

  • Chambers S.A., Y. Du, Z. Zhu, J. Wang, M.J. Wahila, L.J. Piper, and A. Prakash, et al. 2018. "Interconversion of intrinsic defects in SrTiO3(001)." Physical Review B 97, no. 24:245204. PNNL-SA-131613. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.97.245204
  • Gilbert D., A.J. Grutter, P. Murray, R.V. Chopdekar, A. Kane, A. Ionin, and M.S. Lee, et al. 2018. "Ionic Tuning of Cobaltites at the Nanoscale." Physical Review Materials 2, no. 10:Article No. 104402. PNNL-SA-126852. doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.104402
  • Jiang W., S.R. Spurgeon, J. Liu, D.K. Schreiber, H. Jung, A. Devaraj, and D.J. Edwards, et al. 2018. "Precipitates and voids in cubic silicon carbide implanted with 25Mg+ ions." Journal of Nuclear Materials 498. PNNL-SA-124406. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2017.10.046
  • Jiang W., S.R. Spurgeon, Z. Zhu, X. Yu, K. Kruska, T. Wang, and J.G. Gigax, et al. 2018. "Chemical imaging and diffusion of hydrogen and lithium in lithium aluminate." Journal of Nuclear Materials 511. PNNL-SA-134630. doi:10.1016/j.jnucmat.2018.08.057
  • Lin S., C. Kuo, R.B. Comes, J. Rault, J. Rueff, S. Nemsak, and A. Taleb, et al. 2018. "Interface properties and built-in potential profile of a LaCrO3/SrTiO3 superlattice determined by standing-wave excited photoemission spectroscopy." Physical Review B 98, no. 16:165124. PNNL-SA-131974. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.98.165124
  • Spurgeon S.R., and S.A. Chambers. 2018. "Atomic-Scale Characterization of Oxide Interfaces and Superlattices Using Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy." In Encyclopedia of Interfacial Chemistry: Surface Science and Electrochemistry, edited by K Wandelt. 38-48. PNNL-SA-124811. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-409547-2.12877-X
  • Spurgeon S.R., P.V. Sushko, A. Devaraj, Y. Du, T.C. Droubay, and S.A. Chambers. 2018. "Onset of Phase Separation in the Double Perovskite Oxide La2MnNiO6." Physical Review B 97, no. 13:134110. PNNL-SA-123784. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.97.134110
  • Stoerzinger K.A., Y. Du, S.R. Spurgeon, L. Wang, D.M. Kepaptsoglou, Q.M. Ramasse, and E.J. Crumlin, et al. 2018. "Chemical and Electronic Structure Analysis of a SrTiO3 (001) / p-Ge (001) Hydrogen Evolution Photocathode." MRS Communications 8, no. 2:446-452. PNNL-SA-131770. doi:10.1557/mrc.2018.38
  • Zhang K.L., G. Li, S.R. Spurgeon, L. Wang, P. Yan, Z. Wang, and M. Gu, et al. 2018. "Creation and Ordering of Oxygen Vacancies at WO3-d and Perovskite Interfaces." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, no. 20:17480-17486. PNNL-SA-132665. doi:10.1021/acsami.8b03278

2017

  • Comes R.B., D.E. Perea, and S.R. Spurgeon. 2017. "Heterogeneous Two-phase Pillars in Epitaxial NiFe2O4-LaFeO3 Nanocomposites." Advanced Materials Interfaces 4, no. 16:Article No. 1700396. PNNL-SA-124622. doi:10.1002/admi.201700396
  • Du Y., C. Li, K.L. Zhang, M.E. McBriarty, S.R. Spurgeon, H.S. Mehta, and D. Wu, et al. 2017. "An all-perovskite p-n junction based on transparent conducting p-La1-xSrxCrO3 epitaxial layers." Applied Physics Letters 111, no. 6:063501. PNNL-SA-124623. doi:10.1063/1.4997410
  • Jiang W., S.R. Spurgeon, J. Liu, D.K. Schreiber, H. Jung, A. Devaraj, and D.J. Edwards, et al. 2017. "PRECIPITATES AND VOIDS IN CUBIC SILICON CARBIDE IMPLANTED WITH 25Mg+ IONS." In Fusion Materials Semiannual Progress Report For Period Ending December 31,2017, edited by FW Wiffen and S Melton. 73-74. Oak Ridge, Tennessee:OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY. PNNL-SA-132445.
  • Kaspar T.C., J.G. Gigax, L. Shao, M.E. Bowden, T. Varga, V. Shutthanandan, and S.R. Spurgeon, et al. 2017. "Damage evolution of ion irradiated defected-fluorite La2Zr2O7 epitaxial thin films." Acta Materialia 130. PNNL-SA-121946. doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2017.01.012
  • Spurgeon S.R., P.V. Sushko, S.A. Chambers, and R.B. Comes. 2017. "Dynamic Interface Rearrangement in LaFeO3 / n-SrTiO3 Heterojunctions." Physical Review Materials 1, no. 6:063401. PNNL-SA-127972. doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.1.063401
  • Spurgeon S.R., Y. Du, and S.A. Chambers. 2017. "Measurement Error in Atomic-Scale Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy-Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) Mapping of a Model Oxide Interface." Microscopy and Microanalysis 23, no. 3:513-517. PNNL-SA-119131. doi:10.1017/S1431927617000368
  • Stoerzinger K.A., R.B. Comes, S.R. Spurgeon, S. Thevuthasan, K. Ihm, E.J. Crumlin, and S.A. Chambers. 2017. "Influence of LaFeO3 surface termination on water reactivity." The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 8, no. 5:1038-1043. PNNL-SA-123478. doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00195

2016

  • Comes R.B., S.R. Spurgeon, S.M. Heald, D.M. Kepaptsoglou, L. Jones, P. Ong, and M.E. Bowden, et al. 2016. "Interface-Induced Polarization in SrTiO3-LaCrO3 Superlattices." Advanced Materials Interfaces 3, no. 6:Art. No. 1500779. PNNL-SA-111839. doi:10.1002/admi.201500779
  • Jiang W., S.R. Spurgeon, J. Liu, D.J. Edwards, D.K. Schreiber, C.H. Henager, and R.J. Kurtz, et al. 2016. "CHARACTERIZATION OF PRECIPITATES IN CUBIC SILICON CARBIDE IMPLANTED WITH 25Mg+ IONS." In In Fusion Materials Semianual Report for the Period Ending 06/30/2016, edited by Daniel Clark. 72-77. DOE/ER-0313/60. Oak Ridge, Tennessee:Oak Ridge National Laboratory. PNNL-SA-120391.
  • Kaspar T.C., D.K. Schreiber, S.R. Spurgeon, M.E. McBriarty, G.M. Carroll, D.R. Gamelin, and S.A. Chambers. 2016. "Built-in Potential in Fe2O3-Cr2O3 Superlattices for Improved Photoexcited Carrier Separation." Advanced Materials 28, no. 8:1616-1622. PNNL-SA-112959. doi:10.1002/adma.201504545
  • Li X., C.T. Ma, J. Lu, A. Devaraj, S.R. Spurgeon, R.B. Comes, and J.S. Poon. 2016. "Exchange bias and bistable magneto-resistance states in amorphous TbFeCo thin films." Applied Physics Letters 108. PNNL-SA-113796. doi:10.1063/1.4939240
  • Spurgeon S.R., Y. Du, T.C. Droubay, A. Devaraj, X. Sang, P. Longo, and P. Yan, et al. 2016. "Competing Pathways for Nucleation of the Double Perovskite Structure in the Epitaxial Synthesis of La2MnNiO6." Chemistry of Materials 28, no. 11:3814-3822. PNNL-SA-115671. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b00829