Biogeochemical transformations are natural pathways that involve multiple chemical, geological, and/or biological parts of an ecosystem.

Climate science, or climatology, is the study of Earth’s climate. Climate scientists want to better understand our planet’s atmosphere and how it affects various ecosystems. Many equate climate with the weather. And indeed, the word climate is usually defined as the average weather conditions in a particular area over a long-term period, such as years or decades. But climate science touches far more than weather trends.

Graph analytics is the evaluation of information that has been organized as objects and their connections. The purpose of graph analytics is to understand how the objects relate or could relate.

Deep reinforcement learning can best be explained as a method to learn to make a series of good decisions over some time.

Fentanyl analogs are illicit—and often deadly—alterations of the medically prescribed drug fentanyl. The analogs have similar—but not the same—chemical structure, and they mimic the pharmacological effects of the original drug.