Staff information

Biography

Dr. Chambers has been active in surface and interface science and epitaxial film growth for over 30 years. His interests center around the synthesis and properties of novel oxide films and surfaces. Such materials are of significant interest in a variety of scientific arenas, including semiconductor spintronics, oxide electronics, thermal and photocatalysis, and surface geochemistry. The growth methods include molecular beam epitaxy and pulsed laser deposition, all assisted by activated oxygen from an oxygen plasma or ozone.

Since coming to Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Dr. Chambers has led an effort to build one of the leading laboratories in the world for the synthesis of a wide range of oxide films. His research interests include magnetically doped transition metal and complex oxides for semiconductor spintronics, anion and cation doped TiO2 for bandgap reduction and enhanced photochemical water splitting, and oxide nanostructures for fundamental investigations of photophysics and photochemistry in oxides. In addition, some of the materials grown for these internal research programs are in demand by external collaborators from the United States and elsewhere for their own research projects. Some of this research would not be possible without the availability of these materials from the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory epitaxy laboratories.

In addition to synthesis, Dr. Chambers has interests and significant accomplishments in the areas of surface and interface geometric and electronic structure determination. He was a pioneer in the development and use of Auger and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and diffraction as tools for determining thin epitaxial film structure, surface interlayer relaxations, interdiffusion at interfaces, as well as band bending, band offsets, and interface electronic state densities at heterojunctions. Before joining Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in 1992, Dr. Chambers was a scientist at the Boeing High Technology Center in Seattle. In that role, he conducted research in the epitaxial growth of intermetallic compounds on III-V compound semiconductors, in support of the development of advanced digital and analog devices for aerospace electronics applications. Prior to that he was Associate and Assistant Professor of Chemistry at Bethel University and George Fox University, respectively.

Research Interests

• Oxide epitaxy and associated material properties
• Surface and interface electronic structure
• Surface photochemistry

Education and Credentials

• Ph.D., Physical Chemistry, Oregon State University
• A.B. degree, Chemistry, University of California at San Diego

Affiliations and Professional Service

• American Association for the Advancement of Science, Member
• American Physical Society, Member
• American Vacuum Society, Fellow
• Materials Research Society, Member
• Sigma Xi, Member
• University of Washington: Affiliate Professor of Materials Science and Engineering, Affiliate Professor of Chemistry
• Member of external advisory boards and international program committees.

Awards and Recognitions

• Wiley Research Fellow, 2009
• E.W. Mueller Award in 2004 for outstanding achievements in surface science from the Laboratory for Surface Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
• Federal Laboratory Consortium Excellence in Technology Transfer Award in 2002 for "Molecular Beam Epitaxy Semiconductor Wafer Development"
• Laboratory Fellow at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 2000
• Fellow of the American Vacuum Society in 1996 for his pioneering contributions to the development and use of Auger and x-ray photoelectron diffraction.

PNNL Publications

2009

• Chambers SA. 2009. "Comment on "Origin of Metallic States at the Heterointerface between the Band Insulators LaAlO3 and SrTiO3"." Physical Review Letters 102(19):Art No.: 199703.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.199703
• Ohsawa T, I Lyubinetsky, Y Du, MA Henderson, V Shutthanandan, and SA Chambers. 2009. "Crystallographic Dependence of Visible-light Photoactivity in Epitaxial TiO2-xNx Anatase and Rutile." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 79(8):Article number: 085401.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.79.085401
• Ohsawa T, I Lyubinetsky, Y Du, MA Henderson, V Shutthanandan, and SA Chambers. 2009. "Crystallographic Dependence of Visible-Light Photochemistry in Epitaxial TiO2-xNx Anatase and Rutile." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 79(8):Art. No. 085401. 
• Chambers SA, T Ohsawa, CM Wang, I Lyubinetsky, and JE Jaffe. 2009. "Band Offsets at the Epitaxial Anatase TiO2/n-SrTiO3(001) Interface." Surface Science 603(5):771-780. 
• Droubay T, TC Kaspar, BP Kaspar, and SA Chambers. 2009. "Cation dopant distributions in nanostructures of transition-metal doped ZnO:Monte Carlo simulations." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 79(7):Art. No. 075324. 
• Heald SM, TC Kaspar, T Droubay, V Shutthanandan, SA Chambers, A Mokhtari, AJ Behan, HJ Blythe, JR Neal, M Fox, and G Gehring. 2009. "X-ray absorption fine structure and magnetization characterization of the metallic Co component in Co-doped ZnO thin films ." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter 79(7):Art. No. 075202. 

2008

• Chambers SA. 2008. "Molecular beam epitaxial growth of doped oxide semiconductors." Journal of Physics. Condensed matter 20(26):Art. No. 264004. 
• Cheung SH, P Nachimuthu, MH Engelhard, CM Wang, and SA Chambers. 2008. "N incorporation, composition and electronic structure in N-doped TiO2(001) anatase epitaxial films grown on LaAlO3(001)." Surface Science 602(1):133-141.  doi:10.1016/j.susc.2007.09.061
• Kaspar TC, T Droubay, SM Heald, MH Engelhard, P Nachimuthu, and SA Chambers. 2008. "Hidden Ferromagnetic Secondary Phases in Cobalt-doped ZnO Epitaxial Thin Films." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter 77(20):201303.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.77.201303
• Kaspar TC, T Droubay, SM Heald, P Nachimuthu, CM Wang, V Shutthanandan, CA Johnson, DR Gamelin, and SA Chambers. 2008. "Lack of ferromagnetism in n-type cobalt-doped ZnO epitaxial thin films." New Journal of Physics 10:Art. No. 055010.  doi:10.1088/1367-2630/10/5/055010
• Ohsawa T, I Lyubinetsky, MA Henderson, and SA Chambers. 2008. "Hole-mediated Photodecomposition of Trimehtyl Acetate on a TiO2(001) Anatase Epitaxial Thin Film Surface." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 112(50):20050-20056.  doi:10.1021/jp8077997
• Li Y, TC Kaspar, T Droubay, AG Joly, P Nachimuthu, Z Zhu, V Shutthanandan, and SA Chambers. 2008. "A Study of H and D doped ZnO epitaxial films grown by pulsed laser deposition." Journal of Applied Physics 104(5):Article no. 053711.  doi:10.1063/1.2975219
• Li Y, TC Kaspar, T Droubay, Z Zhu, V Shutthanandan, P Nachimuthu, and SA Chambers. 2008. "Electronic properties of H and D doped ZnO epitaxial films." Applied Physics Letters 92(15):Art. No. 152105. 
• Ney A, K Ollefs, S Ye, T Kammermeier, V Ney, TC Kaspar, SA Chambers, F Wilhelm, and A Rogalev. 2008. "Absence of Intrinsic Ferromagnetic Interactions of Isolated and Paired Co Dopant Atoms in Zn1-xCoxO with High Structural Perfection." Physical Review Letters 100(15):Art. No. 157201.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.157201

2007

• Chambers SA, DA Schwartz, WK Liu, KR Kittilstved, and DR Gamelin. 2007. "Growth, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Doped ZnO Epitaxial and Nanocrystalline Films." Applied Physics A, Materials Science and Processing 88(1):1-5.  doi:10.1007/s00339-007-3948-2
• Chambers SA. 2007. "Advances in the Surface Science of TiO2 - A Global Perspective." Hyomen Kagaku. Journal of the Surface Science Society of Japan 28(10):561-572. 
• Chambers SA. 2007. "Surface Science Opportunities in the Electronic Structure of ZnO (A Perspective on the Article, "Quantitative Analysis of Surface Donors in ZnO", by D.C. Look)." Surface Science 601(23):5313-5314.  doi:10.1016/j.susc.2007.10.004
• Cheung SH, P Nachimuthu, AG Joly, MH Engelhard, MK Bowman, and SA Chambers. 2007. "N incorporation and electronic structure in N-doped TiO2(110) rutile." Surface Science 601(7):1754-1762.  doi:10.1016/j.susc.2007.01.051
• Shao R, CM Wang, DE McCready, T Droubay, and SA Chambers. 2007. "Growth and structure of MBE grown TiO2 anatase films with rutile nano-crystallites ." Surface Science 601(6):1582-1589.  doi:10.1016/j.susc.2007.01.039
• Chambers SA, SH Cheung, V Shutthanandan, S Thevuthasan, MK Bowman, and AG Joly. 2007. "Properties of Structurally Excellent N-doped TiO2 Rutile." Chemical Physics 339(1-3):27-35.  doi:10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.04.024
• Droubay T, KM Rosso, SM Heald, DE Mccready, CM Wang, and SA Chambers. 2007. "Structure, Magnetism and Conductivity in Epitaxial Ti-doped ?-Fe2O3 Hematite: Experiment and density functional theory calculations." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 75(10):, doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.75.104412
• Saraf LV, MH Engelhard, CM Wang, AS Lea, DE McCready, V Shutthanandan, DR Baer, and SA Chambers. 2007. "Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of carbon-free ZnO using the bis(2,2,6,6 tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)zinc precursor." Journal of Materials Research 22(5):1230-1234.  doi:10.1557/JMR.2007.0146
• Saraf LV, MH Engelhard, P Nachimuthu, V Shutthanandan, CM Wang, SM Heald, DE McCready, AS Lea, DR Baer, and SA Chambers. 2007. "Nucleation and Growth of MOCVD Grown (Cr, Zn)O Films - Uniform Doping vs. Secondary Phase Formation." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 154(3):D134-D138.  doi:10.1149/1.2424422
• Tobin JG, S Morton, SW Yu, GD Waddill, IK Schuller, and SA Chambers. 2007. "Spin resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of Fe3O4: the case against half-metallicity." Journal of Physics. Condensed matter 19(31):Art. No. 315218. 
• Xiong G, R Shao, T Droubay, AG Joly, KM Beck, SA Chambers, and WP Hess. 2007. "Photoemission Electron Microscopy of TiO2 Anatase Films Embedded with Rutile Nanocrystals." Advanced Functional Materials 17(13):2133-2138.  doi:10.1002/adfm.200700146

2006

• Chambers SA. 2006. "Ferromagnetism in Doped Thin-Film Oxide and Nitride Semiconductors and Dielectrics." Surface Science Reports 61(8):345-381.  doi:10.1016/j.surfrep.2006.05.001
• Kaspar TC, T Droubay, DE McCready, P Nachimuthu, SM Heald, CM Wang, AS Lea, V Shutthanandan, SA Chambers, and MF Toney. 2006. "Magnetic properties of epitaxial Co-doped anatase TiO2 thin films with excellent structural quality." Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B--Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 24(4):2012-2017.  doi:10.1116/1.2216723
• Kaspar TC, T Droubay, V Shutthanandan, SM Heald, CM Wang, DE McCready, S Thevuthasan, JD Bryan, DR Gamelin, AJ Kellock, MF Toney, X Hong, C Ahn, and SA Chambers. 2006. "Ferromagnetism and structure of epitaxial Cr-doped anatase TiO2 thin films." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 73(15):155327 (12 p.).  doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.73.155327
• Chambers SA, T Droubay, CM Wang, KM Rosso, SM Heald, SA Schwartz, KR Kittilstved, and DR Gamelin. 2006. "Ferromagnetism in Oxide Semiconductors ." Materials Today 9(11):28-35. 
• Joly AG, JR Williams, SA Chambers, G Xiong, WP Hess, and DM Laman. 2006. "Carrier Dynamics in a-Fe2O3 (0001) Thin Films and Single Crystals Probed by Femtosecond Transient Absorption and Reflectivity." Journal of Applied Physics 99(5):Article: 053521 (6 pages). 
• Kittilstved KR, DA Schwartz, AC Tuan, SM Heald, SA Chambers, and DR Gamelin. 2006. "Direct kinetic correlation of carriers and ferromagnetism in Co2+ : ZnO." Physical Review Letters 97:037203-1 - 037203-4.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.037203
• Shutthanandan V, S Thevuthasan, T Droubay, SM Heald, MH Engelhard, DE McCready, SA Chambers, P Nachimuthu, and BS Mun. 2006. "Synthesis of Room-Temperature Ferromagnetic Cr-doped TiO2(110) Rutile Single Crystals using Ion Implantation." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section B, Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 242(1-2):198-200.  doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2005.08.149
• Shutthanandan V, S Thevuthasan, T Droubay, TC Kaspar, A Punnoose, J Hays, and SA Chambers. 2006. "Quantification of Dopant Concentrations in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors using Ion Beam Techniques." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section B, Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 249(1-2):402-405.  doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2006.04.038

2005

• Droubay T, SM Heald, V Shutthanandan, S Thevuthasan, SA Chambers, and J Osterwalder. 2005. "Cr-doped TiO2 Anatase- A Ferromagnetic Insulator ." Journal of Applied Physics 97:046103. 
• Jaffe JE, TC Droubay, and SA Chambers. 2005. "Oxygen Vacancies and Ferromagnetism in CoxTi1-xO2-x-y." Journal of Applied Physics 97(7):073908 (6 p.). 
• Kaspar TC, T Droubay, CM Wang, SM Heald, AS Lea, and SA Chambers. 2005. "Co-doped Anatase TiO2 Heteroepitaxy on Si(001)." Journal of Applied Physics 97(7):073511-073511-10.  doi:10.1063/1.1868854
• Kaspar TC, SM Heald, CM Wang, JD Bryan, T Droubay, V Shutthanandan, S Thevuthasan, DE McCready, AJ Kellock, DR Gamelin, and SA Chambers. 2005. "Negligible Magnetism in Excellent Structural Quality CrxTi1-xO2 Anatase: Contrast with High-Tc Ferromagnetism in Structurally Defective CrxTi1-xO2." Physical Review Letters 95:217203.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.95.217203
• Chambers SA, JR Williams, MA Henderson, AG Joly, M Varela, and SJ Pennycook. 2005. "Structure, Band Offsets and Photochemistry at Epitaxial ?-Cr2O3/?-Fe2O3 Heterojunctions." Surface Science 587(3):L197-L207. 
• Chambers SA, T Droubay, and TC Kaspar. 2005. "Epitaxial Growth and Properties of Magnetically Doped TiO2." Chapter 7 in Thin Films and Heterostructures for Oxide Electronics, ed. Satishchandra B. Ogale, pp. 219-247.  Springer, New York, NY. 
• Cicerrella E, JL Freeouf, LF Edge, DG Schlom, T heeg, J Schubert, and SA Chambers. 2005. "Optical properties of La-based high-K dielectric films." Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A--Vacuum, Surfaces and Films 23(6):1676-1680.  doi:10.1116/1.205655
• Heald SM, SA Chambers, and T Droubay. 2005. "XAFS study of CoxTi1-xO2-x-anatase." Physica Scripta T115:597-599.  doi:10.1238/Physica.Topical.115a00597
• Heald SM, SA Chambers, and T Droubay. 2005. "XAFS Study of Epitaxial CoxTi1-xO2-x Anatase." In 12th International Conference on X-ray Absorption FIne Structure held in Malmo, Sweden, June, 2003, ed. N. Martensson, pp. 597-599.  Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden. 
• Lazarov V, M Weinert, SA Chambers, and M Gajdardziska-josifovska. 2005. "Atomic and Electronic Structure of the Fe3O4 (111)/MgO(111) Model Polar Oxide Interface." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter 72(19):195401.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.72.195401
• Lazarov V, R Plass, HC Poon, DK Saldin, M Weinert, SA Chambers, and M Gajdardziska-Josifovska. 2005. "Structure of the Hydrogen Stabilized MgO(111)-(1x1) Polar Surface: Integrated Experimental and Theoretical Studies." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 71:115434. 
• Osterwalder J, T Droubay, TC Kaspar, JR Williams, CM Wang, and SA Chambers. 2005. "Growth of Cr-doped TiO2 Films in the Rutile and Anatase Structures by Oxygen Plasma Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy ." Thin Solid Films 484(1-2):289-298. 
• Sasahara A, T Droubay, SA Chambers, H Uetsuka, and H Onishi. 2005. "Topography of Anatase TiO2 Film Synthesized on LaAlO3(001) ." Nanotechnology 16(3):S18-S21. 
• Vescovo E, HJ Kim, JM Ablett, and SA Chambers. 2005. "Spin-Polarized Conduction in Localized Ferromagnetic Materials: the case of Fe3O4 on MgO(100)." Journal of Applied Physics 98(8):084507(5). 
• Wang CM, V Shutthanandan, S Thevuthasan, T Droubay, and SA Chambers. 2005. "Microstructure of Co-doped TiO2 (110) Rutile by Ion Implantation." Journal of Applied Physics 97(7):99-104. 
• Williams JR, CM Wang, and SA Chambers. 2005. "Heteroepitaxial Growth and Structural Analysis of Epitaxial ?-Fe2O3(1010) on TiO2(001)." Journal of Materials Research 20(5):1250-1256. 

2004

• Bargar J, TP Trainor, JP Fitts, SA Chambers, and GE Brown, JR. 2004. "In Situ Grazing-Incidence Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Study of Pb(II) Chemisorption on Hematite (0001) and (1-102) Surfaces." Langmuir 20(5):1667-1673. 
• Bryan JD, SM Heald, SA Chambers, and DR Gamelin. 2004. "Strong Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in Co2+-Doped TiO2 Made from Colloidal Nanocrystals." Journal of the American Chemical Society 126(37):11640-11647. 
• Chambers SA, T Droubay, TC Kaspar, and MS Gutowski. 2004. "Accurate Valence Band Maximum Determination for SrTiO3(001) ." Surface Science 554(2-3):81-89. 
• Chambers SA, T Droubay, TC Kaspar, and MS Gutowski. 2004. "Experimental Determination of Valence Band Maxima for SrTiO3, TiO2, and SrO and the Associated Valence Band Offsets with Si(001)." Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B--Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures 22(4):2205-2215. 
• Chambers SA, TC Droubay, TC Kaspar, and MS Gutowski. 2004. "Experimental determination of valence band maxima for SrTiO3,TiO2, and SrO and the associated valence band offsets with Si(001)." In 31st Conference on the Physics and Chemistry of Semiconductor Interfaces (PCSI). Published in Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 2205-2215.  American Vacuum Society, New York, NY.  doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.1768525
• Edge LF, DG Schlom, SA Chambers, E Cicerrella, JL Freeouf, B Hollander, and J Schubert. 2004. "Measurement of the Band Offsets between Amorphous LaAlO3 and Silicon." Applied Physics Letters 84(5):726-728. 
• Edge LF, DG Schlom, SA Chambers, E Cicerrella, JL Freeouf, B Hollander, and J Schubert. 2004. "Measurements of the Band Offsets Between Amorphous LaAIO3 and Silicon." Applied Physics Letters 84(5):726-728. 
• Edge LF, DG Schlom, RT Brewer, YJ Chabal, JR Williams, SA Chambers, C Hinkle, G Lucovsky, Y Yang, S Stemmer, M Copel, B Hollander, and J Schubert. 2004. "Suppression of Subcutaneous Oxidation during the Deposition of Amorphous Lanthanum Aluminate on Silicon." Applied Physics Letters 84(23):4629-4631. 
• Kim YJ, S Thevuthasan, T Droubay, AS Lea, CM Wang, V Shutthanandan, SA Chambers, R Sears, B Taylor, and B Sinkovic. 2004. "Growth and Properties of molecular beam epitaxially grown ferromagnetic Fe-doped TiO2 rutile films on TiO2." Applied Physics Letters 84(18):3531-3533. 
• Pakhomov A, BK Roberts, AC Tuan, V Shutthanandan, DE McCready, S Thevuthasan, SA Chambers, and KM Krishnan. 2004. "Studies of Two-and Three-Dimensional ZnO:Co Structures Through Different Sythetic Routes." Journal of Applied Physics 95(11):7393-7395 Part 2. 
• Shutthanandan V, S Thevuthasan, SM Heald, T Droubay, MH Engelhard, TC Kaspar, DE McCready, LV Saraf, SA Chambers, BS Mun, NM Hamdan, P Nachimuthu, B Taylor, R Sears, and B Sinkovic. 2004. "Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Ion-implanted Co-doped TiO2(110) Rutile." Applied Physics Letters 84(22):4466-4468. 
• Shutthanandan V, S Thevuthasan, SM Heald, T Droubay, MH Engelhard, TC Kaspar, DE McCready, LV Saraf, SA Chambers, BS Mun, NM Hamdan, P Nachimuthu, B Taylor, R Sears, and B Sinkovic. 2004. "Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism in Ion-Implanted Co-Doped TiO2(110) Rutile." Applied Physics Letters 84(22):4466-4468. 
• Tuan AC, JD Bryan, A Pakhomov, V Shutthanandan, S Thevuthasan, DE McCready, DJ Gaspar, MH Engelhard, JW Rogers, Jr, KM Krishnan, DR Gamelin, and SA Chambers. 2004. "Epitaxial Growth and Properties of Cobalt-doped ZnO on a-Al2O3 Single-Crystal Substrates." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter 70(5):054424. 

2003

• Chambers SA, and RF Farrow. 2003. "New Possibilities for Ferromagnetic Semiconductors." MRS Bulletin 28(10):729-733. 
• Chambers SA, and RF Farrow. 2003. "New Possibilities for Ferromagnetic Semiconductors." MRS Bulletin 28(10):729-733. 
• Chambers SA, and YK Yoo. 2003. "New Materials for Spintronics." MRS Bulletin 28(10):706-708. 
• Chambers SA, T Droubay, CM Wang, AS Lea, RFC Farrow, L Folks, V Deline, and S Anders. 2003. "Clusters and Magnetism in Epitaxial Co-doped TiO2 Anatase." Applied Physics Letters 82(8):1257-1259. 
• Chambers SA, SM Heald, and T Droubay. 2003. "Local Co Structure in Epitaxial Cox Ti1-xO2-x Anatase." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 67(10):22-25, art. no. 100401. 
• Lazarov V, SA Chambers, and M Gajdardziska-Josifovska. 2003. "Polar Oxide Interface Stabilization by Formation of Metallic Nanocrystals." Physical Review Letters 90(21):216108. 
• Nachimuthu P, S Thevuthasan, YJ Kim, AS Lea, V Shutthanandan, MH Engelhard, DR Baer, SA Chambers, DK Shuh, D Lindle, EM Gullikson, and RC Perera. 2003. "Investigation of Copper(I) Oxide Quantum Dots by Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy." Chemistry of Materials 20(15):3939-3946. 
• Tuan AC, TC Kaspar, T Droubay, JW Rogers, Jr, and SA Chambers. 2003. "Band Offsets for the Epitaxial TiO2/SrTiO3/Si(001) System." Applied Physics Letters 83(18):3734-3736. 
• Wang CM, S Thevuthasan, F Gao, V Shutthanandan, DE McCready, SA Chambers, and CHF Peden. 2003. "Interface Characteristics of Iso-Structural Thin Film and Substrate Pairs." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section B, Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 207(1):1-9. 

2002

• Chambers SA, RF Farrow, S Maat, M Toney, L Folks, JG Catalano, TP Trainor, and GE Brown Jr.. 2002. "Molecular Beam Epitaxial Growth and Properties of CoFe2O4 on MgO(001)." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 246(1-2):124-139. 
• Chambers SA. 2002. "A Potential Role in Spintronics." Materials Today 5(4):34-39. 
• Chambers SA. 2002. "A Potential Role In Spintronics." Materials Today 5(4):34-39. 
• Altman EI, T Droubay, and SA Chambers. 2002. "Growth of MoO3 films by oxygen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy." Thin Solid Films 414(2):205-215. 
• Chambers SA, T Droubay, DR Jennison, and TK Mattsson. 2002. "Laminar Growth of Ultrathin Metal Films on Metal Oxides: Co on Hydroxylated alpha-Al2O3(0001)." Science 297(5582):827-831. 
• Chambers SA, CM Wang, S Thevuthasan, T Droubay, DE McCready, AS Lea, V Shutthanandan, and CF Windisch, JR. 2002. "Epitaxial Growth and Properties of MBE Grown Ferromagnetic Co-doped TiO2 Anatase Films on SrTiO3(001) and LaAlO3(001)." Thin Solid Films 418(2):197-210. 
• Kim YJ, S Thevuthasan, V Shutthanandan, CL Perkins, DE McCready, GS Herman, Y Gao, TT Tran, SA Chambers, and CHF Peden. 2002. "Growth and Structure of Epitaxial Ce1-xZrxO2 Thin Films on Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (111)." Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 126(1-3):177-190. 
• Morton S, D Waddill, SH Kim, IK Schuller, SA Chambers, and JG Tobin. 2002. "Spin-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy of Fe3O4." Surface Science 513(3):L451-L457. 
• Wang CM, S Thevuthasan, F Gao, DE McCready, and SA Chambers. 2002. "The Characteristics of Interface Misfit Dislocations for Epitaxial alpha-Fe2O3 on alpha-Al2O3(0001)." Thin Solid Films 414:31-38. 
• Wang CM, S Thevuthasan, F Gao, V Shutthanandan, DE McCready, SA Chambers, and CHF Peden. 2002. "HRTEM Characterization of Interface Between Iso-Structural Thin Solid Film and Substrate." Microscopy & Microanalysis 8(Suppl S02):1160-1161.  doi:10.1017/S1431927602107975

2001

• Chambers SA, S Thevuthasan, RF Farrow, RF Marks, JU Thiele, L Folks, M Samant, AJ Kellock, NJ Ruzycki, D Ederer, and U Diebold. 2001. "Epitaxial Growth and Properties of Ferromagnetic Co-doped TiO2 Anatase." Applied Physics Letters 79(21):3467-3469. 
• Chambers SA, Y Liang, ZJ Yu, R Droopad, J Ramdani, JM Finder, and K Eisenbeiser. 2001. "Band Offset and Structure of SrTiO3/Si(001) Heterojunctions." Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A--Vacuum, Surfaces and Films 19(3):934-939. 
• Chambers SA. 2001. "Structure of thin epitaxial oxide films and their surfaces ." Chapter 7 in The Chemical Physics of Solid Surfaces, vol. 9, Oxide Surfaces, ed. D.P. Woodruff, pp. 301-323.  Elsevier, New York, NY. 
• Droubay T, and SA Chambers. 2001. "Surface Sensitive Fe 2p Photoemission Spectra for alpha-Fe2O3 (0001) - The Influence of Symmetry and Crystal-Field Strength." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter 64(20):205414-205420. 
• Chambers SA, and T Droubay. 2001. "The Role of Oxide Ionicity in Electronic Screening at Oxide/Metal Interfaces." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter 64:075410-1 - 075410-6. 
• Liang Y, S Gan, SA Chambers, and EI Altman. 2001. "Surface Structure of Anatase TiO2(001): Reconstruction, Atomic Steps, and Domains." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Physics 63(23):235402-235409. 
• Liang Y, S Gan, SA Chambers, and EI Altman. 2001. "Surface Structures of Anatase TiO2(001): Reconstruction, Atomic Steps, and Domains." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter 6323(23):5402. 

2000

• Chambers SA, Y Liang, and Y Gao. 2000. "Noncommutative Band Offset At Alpha-Cr2O3/Alpha-Fe2O3 (0001) Heterojunctions." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter 61(19):13223-13229. 
• Chambers SA, Y Liang, Z Yu, R Droopad, J Ramdani, and K Eisenbeiser. 2000. "Band Discontinuities at Epitaxial SrTiO3/Si(001)Heterojunctions." Applied Physics Letters 77(11):1662-1664. 
• Chambers SA. 2000. "Epitaxial Growth and Properties of Thin Film Oxides." Surface Science Reports 39(5-6):105-180. 
• Henderson MA, and SA Chambers. 2000. "HREELS, TPD and XPS Study of the Interaction of Water with the Alpha-Cr2O3(001) Surface." Surface Science 449(1-3):135-150. 
• Peden CHF, GS Herman, SA Chambers, Y Gao, YJ Kim, and DN Belton. 2000. "Model Studies of Automobile Exhaust Catalysis Using Single Crystals of Rhodium and Ceria/Zirconia." In 12th International Congress on Catalysis, Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, vol. 130, part B, pp. 1367-1372.  Elsevier , Amsterdam, , NETHERLANDS. 
• Chambers SA, S Thevuthasan, and SA Joyce. 2000. "Surface Structure of MBE-Grown Fe3O4(001) by X-Ray Photoelectron Diffraction and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy." Surface Science 450(2000):L273-L279. 
• Brown GE, SA Chambers, JE Amonette, JR Rustad, T Kendelewicz, P Liu, CS Doyle, D Grolimund, NS Foster, SA Joyce, and S Thevuthasan. 2000. "Interaction of Aqueous Chromium Ions with Iron Oxide Surfaces." Chapter 14 in Nuclear Site Remediation: First Accomplishments of the Environmental Management Science Program. ACS Symposium Series, vol. 778, ed. Eller, P. Gary; Heineman, William R., pp. 212-246.  American Chemical Society, Washington DC. 
• Kendelewicz T, P Liu, CS Doyle, GE Brown Jr., EJ Nelson, and SA Chambers. 2000. "Reaction of Water with the (100) and (111) Surfaces of Fe3O4." Surface Science 453(1-3):32-46.  doi:10.1016/S0039-6028(00)00305-8
• Thevuthasan S, DE McCready, W Jiang, SI Yi, S Maheswaran, KD Keefer, and SA Chambers. 2000. "Ion Beam Analysis of Interface Reactions in Magnetite and Maghemite Thin Films." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section B, Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 161-163:510-514. 

1999

• Chambers SA, and SA Joyce. 1999. "Surface Termination, Composition and Reconstruction of Fe3O4(001) and gamma-Fe2O3(001)." Surface Science 420(2-3):111-122. 
• Chambers SA, and Y Liang. 1999. "Growth of beta-MnO2 Films on TiO2(110) by Oxygen-Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy." Surface Science 420(2-3):123-133. 
• Gao Y, GS Herman, S Thevuthasan, CHF Peden, and SA Chambers. 1999. "Epitaxial Growth and Characterization of Ce1-xZrxO2 Thin Films." Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A--Vacuum, Surfaces and Films 17(3):961-969. 
• Herman GS, YJ Kim, SA Chambers, and CHF Peden. 1999. "Interaction of D2O with CeO2(001) Investigated by Temperature Programmed Desorption and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy." Langmuir 15(11):3993-3997. 
• Hirschmugl CJ, CHF Peden, M Takasaki, MA Collins, and SA Chambers. 1999. "Synchrotron-Based Far-IRAS Investigations of Ice on a Single-Crystal Transition Metal Oxide." In Accelerator-based Sources of Infrared and Spectroscopic Applications, Proceedings of the SPIE, vol. 3775, ed. G Lawrence Carr and Paul Dumas, pp. 167-173.  SPIE- The International Society for Optical Engineering, Bellingham, WA. 
• Kendelewicz T, P Liu, CS Doyle, GE Brown, EJ Nelson, and SA Chambers. 1999. "X-ray absorption and photoemission study of the adsorption of aqueous Cr(VI) on single crystal hematite and magnetite surfaces." Surface Science 424(2-3):219-231. 
• Kim YJ, Y Gao, GS Herman, S Thevuthasan, W Jiang, DE McCready, and SA Chambers. 1999. "Growth and Structure of Epitaxial CeO2 by Oxygen Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy." Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A--Vacuum, Surfaces and Films 17(3):926-935. 
• Peden CHF, GS Herman, IZ Ismagilov, BD Kay, MA Henderson, YJ Kim, and SA Chambers. 1999. " Model Catalyst Studies with Single Crystals and Epitaxial Thin Oxide Films." Catalysis Today 51(3-4):513-519. 
• Thevuthasan S, W Jiang, DE McCready, and SA Chambers. 1999. "Rutherford Backscattering and Channeling Studies of Mg and Fe Diffusion at the Interface of gamma-Fe2O3(001)/MgO(001)." Surface and Interface Analysis 27(4):194-198. 
• Thevuthasan S, DE McCready, W Jiang, EP Mcdaniel, SI Yi, and SA Chambers. 1999. "Rutherford Backscattering and Channeling Studies of Al and Mg Diffusion in Iron Oxide Thin Films." In Applications of Accelerators in Research and Industry: Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference, Denton, Texas, November 1998, vol. 475, ed. J.L. Duggan and I.L. Morgan, pp. 508-511.  American Institute of Physics, Woodbury, NY. 
• Thevuthasan S, YJ Kim, SI Yi, SA Chambers, J Morais, R Denecke, CS Fadley, P Liu, T Kendelewicz, and GE Brown. 1999. "Surface Structure of MBE-Grown alpha-Fe2O3(0001) by Intermediate-Energy X-ray Photoelectron Diffraction." Surface Science 425(2-3):276-286. 
• Yi SI, Y Liang, S Thevuthasan, and SA Chambers. 1999. "Morphological and Structural Investigation of the Early Stages of Epitaxial Growth of Alpha-Fe2O3 (0001) on Alpha-Al2O3 (0001) by Oxygen-Plasma-Assisted MBE." Surface Science 443(3):212-220. 

1998

• Liu P, T Kendelewicz, GE Brown, JR, EJ Nelson, and SA Chambers. 1998. "Reaction of Water Vapor with alpha-Al203 and alpha-Fe203(0001) Surfaces: Synchrotron X-ray Photoemission Studies and Thermodynamic Calculations." Surface Science 417(1998):53-65. 
• Saleh AA, V Shutthanandan, NR Shivaparan, RJ Smith, TT Tran, and SA Chambers. 1998. "Epitaxial Growth of fcc Ti Films on Al(001) Surfaces." Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter 56(15):9841-9847.