PNNL

Abstract

It is of imperative interests for regional transmission organizations (RTOs) to effectively extract actual load profiles at transmission nodes with significant behind-the-meter solar generation, which remains a gap in the existing technology paradigm. This paper proposes an explicit yet efficient linear estimator to disaggregate actual load profiles at transmission buses with significant behind-the-meter (BTM) solar generations. The proposed estimator is based on disaggregating (i.e., extracting) at locations close to transmission buses under consideration. To overcome the lack of “ground truth” and validate the performance of the proposed algorithms, we first propose semi-supervised mechanisms with parameter tuning as well as unsupervised clustering and leverage the unique characteristics of zero-crossing points in BTM solar peaking behaviors, which we refer to as “Zone-to-Node (Z2N)” methods. Next, we further propose a bi-level Node-to-Node (N2N) framework that improves the overall disaggregation performances compared to Z2N. Numerical results are presented using real-world data at PJM Interconnection.