Chemist
Chemist

Biography

Karl Weitz is the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) operations lead at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Weitz has contributed more than 30 years of dedicated service to the research mission at PNNL. His first 15 years were in inhalation toxicology research, where he refined his engineering and analytical skills under the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) guidelines for non-clinical laboratory studies. While working in inhalation toxicology research, he was exposed to real-time monitoring instrumentation and understood the limitations of the gas chromatography methods used at the time. Weitz invented and patented a new technology that enabled real-time exposure monitoring by mass spectrometry, and since then, this technology has evolved with new applications, giving new insight on how living systems interact in our real-time world. Additionally, Weitz continues to maintain and develop PNNL’s Real-Time Mass Spectrometry (RTMS) technology as an available analytical capability under the Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory’s world-wide user program.

Research Interest

  • GCMS
  • Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
  • Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
  • Methods development for hyphenated mass spectrometry applications
  • Proteomics
  • Research project management
  • Real-time mass spectrometry
  • Living system monitoring
  • Micro environmental monitoring
  • Soil biosignaling
  • Soil monitoring studies

Education

Associate in Science, Columbia Basin College

Affiliations and Professional Service

Member of The American Society of Mass Spectrometry

Awards and Recognitions

Elected, Full Membership to Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society (2023)

Patents

  • “Conformational Real-Time Atmospheric and Environmental Characterization Sampling Apparatus and Method” US Patent Number: US-7288760-B2
  • “Method and apparatus for continuous fluid leak monitoring and detection in analytical instruments and instrument systems” US Patent Number: US-7752890
  • “A method to characterize genetic modifications in plants through carbon capture and general metabolic gas process monitoring using real-time high-definition mass spectrometry (RTHD-MS)” US Patent: Provisional
  • “Apparatus and method for assessing microbial metabolic activity in soils using real-time high-definition mass spectrometry” US Patent: Provisional

Publications

2021

  • Karl K. Weitz, Montana L. Smith, Kim K. Hixson, Eric A. Hill, Janet K. Jansson, Kirsten S. Hofmockel, and Mary S. Lipton*“Real-time mass spectrometry measurements of respiration rates in biological systems”. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2021;32:648–52. doi.org/10.1021/jasms.0c00251
  • Del Cerro C., E. Erickson, T. Dong, A.R. Wong, E. Eder, S.O. Purvine, and H.D. Mitchell, et al. 2021. "Intracellular pathways for lignin catabolism in white-rot fungi." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 118, no. 9:e2017381118. PNNL-SA-155713. doi:10.1073/pnas.2017381118
  • Fudyma J.D., J.G. Toyoda, R.K. Chu, K.K. Weitz, H.M. Heyman, E. Eder, and D.W. Hoyt, et al. 2021. "Sequential abiotic-biotic processes drive organic carbon transformation in peat bogs." Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 126, no. 2:e2020JG006079. PNNL-SA-160453. doi:10.1029/2020JG006079
  • Hixson K.K., J.V. Marques, J.P. Wendler, J.E. McDermott, K.K. Weitz, T.R. Clauss, and M.E. Monroe, et al. 2021. "New Insights Into Lignification via Network and Multi-Omics Analyses of Arogenate Dehydratase Knock-Out Mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana." Frontiers in Plant Science 12. PNNL-SA-163837. doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.664250
  • Joshi S.K., T. Nechiporuk, D. Bottomly, P.D. Piehowski, J. Reisz, J. Pittsenbarger, and A. Kaempf, et al. 2021. "The AML microenvironment catalyzes a step-wise evolution to gilteritinib resistance." Cancer Cell 39, no. 7:999-1014. PNNL-SA-161620. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2021.06.003
  • Wang L., A. Karpova, M.A. Gritsenko, J.E. Kyle, S. Cao, Y. Li, and D. Rykunov, et al. 2021. "Proteogenomic and Metabolomic Characterization of Human Glioblastoma." Cancer Cell 39, no. 4:509-528.e20. PNNL-SA-151124. doi:10.1016/j.ccell.2021.01.006
  • Zamith-Miranda D., H.M. Heyman, M.C. Burnet, S.P. Couvillion, X. Zheng, N. Munoz Munoz, and W.C. Nelson, et al. 2021. "A Histoplasma capsulatum lipid metabolic map identifies antifungal targets." mBio 12, no. 6:e02972-21. PNNL-SA-152496. doi:10.1128/mBio.02972-21

2020

  • Burnet M.C., D. Zamith-Miranda, H.M. Heyman, K.K. Weitz, E.L. Bredeweg, J.D. Nosanchuk, and E.S. Nakayasu. 2020. "Remodeling of the Histoplasma capsulatum membrane induced by monoclonal antibodies." Vaccines 8, no. 2:269. PNNL-SA-152362. doi:10.3390/vaccines8020269
  • Cao X., T. Zhang, G.M. Deloid, M.J. Gaffrey, K.K. Weitz, B.D. Thrall, and W. Qian, et al. 2020. "Cytotoxicity and cellular proteome impact of cellulose nanocrystals using simulated digestion and an in vitro small intestinal epithelium cellular model." NanoImpact 20. PNNL-SA-157451. doi:10.1016/j.impact.2020.100269
  • Cao X., T. Zhang, G.M. DeLoid, M.J. Gaffrey, K.K. Weitz, B.D. Thrall, and W. Qian, et al. 2020. "Evaluation of the cytotoxic and cellular proteome impacts of food-grade TiO2 (E171) using simulated gastrointestinal digestions and a tri-culture small intestinal epithelial model." NanoImpact 17. PNNL-SA-147195. doi:10.1016/j.impact.2019.100202
  • Duan J., T. Zhang, M.J. Gaffrey, K.K. Weitz, R.J. Moore, X. Li, and M. Xian, et al. 2020. "Stochiometric Quantification of the Thiol Redox Proteome of Macrophages Reveals Subcellular Compartmentalization and Susceptibility to Oxidative Perturbations." Redox Biology 36. PNNL-SA-153520. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101649
  • Ilhan Z.E., J.K. DiBaise, S.E. Dautel, N.G. Isern, Y. Kim, D.W. Hoyt, and A.A. Schepmoes, et al. 2020. "Temporospatial shifts in the human gut microbiome and metabolome after gastric bypass surgery." NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes 6, no. 1:Article No. 12. PNNL-SA-133750. doi:10.1038/s41522-020-0122-5
  • Odenkirk M.T., K.G. Stratton, M.A. Gritsenko, L.M. Bramer, B.M. Webb-Robertson, K.J. Bloodsworth, and K.K. Weitz, et al. 2020. "Unveiling molecular signatures of preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus with multi-omics and innovative cheminformatics visualization tools." Molecular Omics 16, no. 6:521-532. PNNL-SA-152804. doi:10.1039/d0mo00074d
  • Petralia F., N. Tignor, B. Reva, M. Koptyra, S. Chowdhury, D. Rykunov, and A. Krek, et al. 2020. "Integrated Proteogenomic Characterization across Major Histological Types of Pediatric Brain Cancer." Cell 183, no. 7:1962-1985. PNNL-SA-155153. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.044
  • Smith J.N., K.J. Tyrrell, J.P. Smith, J.P. Smith, K.K. Weitz, and W.D. Faber. 2020. "Linking Internal Dosimetries of the Propyl Metabolic Series in Rats and Humans Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Modeling." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 110. PNNL-ACT-SA-10429. doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104507
  • Zhang T., M.J. Gaffrey, D.G. Thomas, T.J. Weber, B.M. Hess, K.K. Weitz, and P.D. Piehowski, et al. 2020. "A proteome-wide assessment of the oxidative stress paradigm for metal and metal-oxide nanomaterials in human macrophages." NanoImpact 17. PNNL-SA-147217. doi:10.1016/j.impact.2019.100194
  • Zhang T., M.J. Gaffrey, M.E. Monroe, D.G. Thomas, K.K. Weitz, P.D. Piehowski, and V.A. Petyuk, et al. 2020. "Block design with common reference samples enables robust large-scale label-free quantitative proteome profiling." Journal of Proteome Research 19, no. 7:2863-2872. PNNL-SA-151164. doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00310
  • Zheng R.F., D. Barpaga, P.M. Mathias, D. Malhotra, P.K. Koech, Y. Jiang, and M. Bhakta, et al. 2020. "A Single-Component Water-Lean Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Solvent with Exceptionally Low Operational Heat and Total Costs of Capture - Comprehensive Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation." Energy & Environmental Science 13, no. 11:4106-4113. PNNL-SA-153508. doi:10.1039/D0EE02585B

2019

  • Han A., C. Timchalk, Z.A. Carver, T.J. Weber, K.J. Tyrrell, R.L. Sontag, and T.M. Gibbins, et al. 2019. "Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling of salivary concentrations for noninvasive biomonitoring of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)." Toxicological Sciences 171, no. 2:330-343. PNNL-SA-143610. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfz206
  • Wojcik R., G. Nagy, I.K. Attah, I.K. Webb, V. Garimella, K.K. Weitz, and A.L. Hollerbach, et al. 2019. "SLIM Ultrahigh Resolution Ion Mobility Spectrometry Separations of Isotopologues and Isotopomers Reveal Mobility Shifts due to Mass Distribution Changes." Analytical Chemistry 91, no. 18:11952-11962. PNNL-SA-147394. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02808

2018

  • Carver Z.A., A. Han, C. Timchalk, T.J. Weber, K.J. Tyrrell, R.L. Sontag, and T. Luders, et al. 2018. "Evaluation of Non-invasive Biomonitoring of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid (2,4-D) in Saliva." Toxicology 410. PNNL-SA-135310. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2018.08.003
  • Hohner R., J.V. Marques, T. Ito, Y. Amakura, A.D. Budgeon, K.K. Weitz, and K.K. Hixson, et al. 2018. "Reduced Arogenate Dehydratase Expression: Ramifications for Photosynthesis and Metabolism." Plant Physiology 177, no. 1:115-131. PNNL-SA-131412. doi:10.1104/pp.17.01766
  • Menachery V.D., A. Schafer, K.E. Burnum-Johnson, H.D. Mitchell, A.J. Eisfeld-Fenney, K.B. Walters, and C.D. Nicora, et al. 2018. "MERS-CoV and H5N1 influenza virus antagonize antigen presentation by altering the epigenetic landscape." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 115, no. 5:E1012-E1021. PNNL-SA-126254. doi:10.1073/pnas.1706928115
  • Orton D.J., M.M. Tfaily, R.J. Moore, B.L. Lamarche, X. Zheng, T.L. Fillmore, and R.K. Chu, et al. 2018. "A Customizable Flow Injection System for Automated, High Throughput and Time Sensitive Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Mass Spectrometry Measurements." Analytical Chemistry 90, no. 1:737-744. PNNL-SA-128111. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02986
  • Piehowski P.D., V.A. Petyuk, R.L. Sontag, M.A. Gritsenko, K.K. Weitz, T.L. Fillmore, and J.S. Moon, et al. 2018. "Residual tissue repositories as a resource for population-based cancer proteomic studies." Clinical Proteomics 15. PNNL-SA-130920. doi:10.1186/s12014-018-9202-4
  • Wu J., A. Sabag-Daigle, M. Borton, L. Kop, B.E. Szkoda, B. Kaiser, and S.R. Lindemann, et al. 2018. "Salmonella-mediated inflammation eliminates competitors for fructose-asparagine in the gut." Infection and Immunity 86, no. 7:e00945-17. PNNL-SA-129012. doi:10.1128/IAI.00945-17

2017

  • Burnum-Johnson K.E., J.E. Kyle, A.J. Eisfeld, C.P. Casey, K.G. Stratton, J.F. Gonzalez, and F. Habyarimana, et al. 2017. "MPLEx: A method for simultaneous pathogen inactivation and extraction of samples for multi-omics profiling." Analyst 142, no. 3:442-448. PNNL-SA-116063. doi:10.1039/c6an02486f
  • Dautel S.E., J.E. Kyle, G. Clair, R.L. Sontag, K.K. Weitz, A.K. Shukla, and S.N. Nguyen, et al. 2017. "Lipidomics reveals dramatic lipid compositional changes in the maturing postnatal lung." Scientific Reports 7. PNNL-SA-121148. doi:10.1038/srep40555
  • Eisfeld A.J., P. Halfmann, J.P. Wendler, J.E. Kyle, K.E. Burnum-Johnson, Z. Peralta, and T. Maemura, et al. 2017. "Multi-platform 'Omics Analysis of Human Ebola Virus Disease Pathogenesis." Cell Host & Microbe 22, no. 6:817-829. PNNL-SA-120881. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.10.011
  • Kyle J.E., C.P. Casey, K.G. Stratton, E.M. Zink, Y. Kim, X. Zheng, and M.E. Monroe, et al. 2017. "Comparing Identified and Statistically Significant Lipids and Metabolites in 15-Year Old Serum and Dried Blood Spot Samples for Longitudinal Studies." Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 31, no. 5:447-456. PNNL-SA-121197. doi:10.1002/rcm.7808

2016

  • Kyle J.E., X. Zhang, K.K. Weitz, M.E. Monroe, Y.M. Ibrahim, R.J. Moore, and J. Cha, et al. 2016. "Uncovering Biologically Significant Lipid Isomers with Liquid Chromatography, Ion Mobility Spectrometry and Mass Spectrometry." Analyst 141, no. 5:1649-1659. PNNL-SA-111991. doi:10.1039/C5AN02062J
  • Sontag R.L., E.S. Nakayasu, R.N. Brown, G.S. Niemann, M.A. Sydor, O. Sanchez, and C. Ansong, et al. 2016. "Identification of novel host interactors of effectors secreted by Salmonella and Citrobacter: SrfH regulates host kinase ERK2 phosphorylation." mSystems 1, no. 4:e00032-15. PNNL-SA-114706. doi:10.1128/mSystems.00032-15
  • Tisoncik-Go J., D.J. Gasper, J.E. Kyle, A.J. Eisfeld, C. Selinger, M. Hatta, and J. Morrison, et al. 2016. "Integrated Omics Analysis of Pathogenic Host Responses during Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus Infection: The Crucial Role of Lipid Metabolism." Cell Host & Microbe 19, no. 2:254-66. PNWD-SA-10483. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2016.01.002
  • Valdes-Lopez O., J.M. Batek Rios, N. Gomez-Hernandez, C.T. Nguyen, M.C. Isidra-Arellano, N. Zhang, and T. Joshi, et al. 2016. "Soybean Roots Grown under Heat Stress Show Global Changes in Their Transcriptional and Proteomic Profiles." Frontiers in Plant Science 7. PNNL-SA-114787. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00517

2015

  • Townsend P., Q. Zhang, J. Shapiro, B.M. Webb-Robertson, L.M. Bramer, A.A. Schepmoes, and K.K. Weitz, et al. 2015. "Serum Proteome Profiles in Stricturing Crohn’s Disease: A pilot study." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 21, no. 8:1935-41. PNNL-SA-108499. doi:10.1097/MIB.0000000000000445

2014

  • Brown J.N., H.M. Brewer, C.D. Nicora, K.K. Weitz, M.J. Morris, A.J. Skabelund, and J.N. Adkins, et al. 2014. "Protein and microRNA biomarkers from lavage, urine, and serum in military personnel evaluated for dyspnea." BMC Medical Genomics 7. PNWD-SA-10347. doi:10.1186/1755-8794-7-58
  • Martin J.L., P.A. Yates, R. Soysa, J.F. Alfaro, F. Yang, K.E. Burnum-Johnson, and V.A. Petyuk, et al. 2014. "Metabolic Reprogramming During Purine Stress in the Protozoan Pathogen Leishmania donovani." PLoS Pathogens 10, no. 2:e1003938. PNNL-SA-96975. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003938
  • Nakayasu E.S., S. Wu, M.A. Sydor, A.K. Shukla, K.K. Weitz, R.J. Moore, and K.K. Hixson, et al. 2014. "A Method to determine lysine acetylation stoichiometries." International Journal of Proteomics 2014. PNNL-SA-96571. doi:10.1155/2014/730725

2013

  • Su D., A.K. Shukla, B. Chen, J. Kim, E.S. Nakayasu, Y. Qu, and U.K. Aryal, et al. 2013. "Quantitative Site-specific Reactivity Profiling of S-Nitrosylation in Mouse Skeletal Muscle Using Cysteinyl Peptide Enrichment Coupled with Mass Spectrometry." Free Radical Biology & Medicine 57. PNNL-SA-89035. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.12.010

2012

  • Perera R.M., C. Riley, G. Isaac, A. Hopf- Jannasch, R.J. Moore, K.K. Weitz, and L. Pasa-Tolic, et al. 2012. "Dengue Virus Infection Perturbs Lipid Homeostasis in Infected Mosquito Cells." PLoS Pathogens 8, no. 3:Article No. e1002584. PNNL-SA-83173. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002584
  • Wang L., U.K. Aryal, Z. Dai, A.C. Mason, M.E. Monroe, Z. Tian, and J. Zhou, et al. 2012. "Mapping N-linked Glycosylation Sites in the Secretome and Whole Cells of Aspergillus niger Using Hydrazide Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry." Journal of Proteome Research 11, no. 1:143-56. PNNL-SA-82556. doi:10.1021/pr200916k

2011

  • Belov M.E., S. Prasad, D.C. Prior, W.F. Danielson, K.K. Weitz, Y.M. Ibrahim, and R.D. Smith. 2011. "Pulsed Multiple Reaction Monitoring Approach to Enhancing Sensitivity of a Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer." Analytical Chemistry 83, no. 6:2162-2171. PNNL-SA-74498. doi:10.1021/ac103006b
  • Carney E.W., B. Tornesi, A.B. Liberacki, D.A. Markham, K.K. Weitz, T. Luders, and K.G. Studniski, et al. 2011. "The Impact of Dose Rate on Ethylene Glycol Developmental Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics in Pregnant CD Rats." Toxicological Sciences 119, no. 1:178-188. PNWD-SA-9110. doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfq310
  • Ghazalpour A., B. Bennett, V.A. Petyuk, L. Orazco, R. Hagopian, I. Mungrue, and C.R. Farber, et al. 2011. "Comparative Analysis of Proteome and Transcriptome Variation in Mouse." PLoS Genetics 7, no. 6:Article No. e1001393. PNWD-SA-9360. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001393
  • Lee B., D. Lopez-Ferrer, B. Kim, H. Na, Y.I. Park, K.K. Weitz, and M.G. Warner, et al. 2011. "Rapid and Efficient Protein Digestion using Trypsin Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles under Pressure Cycles." Proteomics 11, no. 2:309-318. PNNL-SA-72833. doi:10.1002/pmic.201000378
  • Lopez-Ferrer D., K. Petritis, E.W. Robinson, K.K. Hixson, Z. Tian, J. Lee, and S. Lee, et al. 2011. "Pressurized Pepsin Digestion in Proteomics: An Automatable Alternative to Trypsin for Integrated Top-down Bottom-up Proteomics." Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. MCP 10, no. 2. PNNL-SA-71649. doi:10.1074/mcp.M110.001479

2010

  • Bagwell C.E., K.K. Hixson, C.E. Milliken, D. Lopez-Ferrer, and K.K. Weitz. 2010. "Proteomic and Physiological Responses of Kineococcus radiotolerans to Copper." PLoS One 5, no. 8:Article No. e12427. PNNL-SA-72375. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012427
  • Lewis N.E., K.K. Hixson, T.M. Conrad, J.A. Lerman, P. Charusanti, P. Charusanti, and A.D. Polpitiya, et al. 2010. "Omic data from evolved E. coli are consistent with computed optimal growth from genome-scale models." Molecular Systems Biology 6. PNNL-SA-68816. doi:10.1038/msb.2010.47
  • Zhang X., J. Zhou, M.H. Chin, A.A. Schepmoes, V.A. Petyuk, K.K. Weitz, and B.O. Petritis, et al. 2010. "Region-Specific Protein Abundance Changes in the Brain of MPTP-induced Parkinson’s Disease Mouse Model." Journal of Proteome Research 9, no. 3:1496-1509. PNNL-SA-67444. doi:10.1021/pr901024z

2009

  • Zhou J., B.O. Petritis, K. Petritis, A.D. Norbeck, K.K. Weitz, R.J. Moore, and D.G. Camp, et al. 2009. "Mouse-Specific Tandem IgY7-SuperMix Immunoaffinity Separations for Improved LC-MS/MS Coverage of the Plasma Proteome." Journal of Proteome Research 8, no. 11:5387-5395. PNNL-SA-67312.

2006

  • Timchalk C., Y. Lin, K.K. Weitz, H. Wu, R.A. Gies, D.A. Moore, and W. Yantasee. 2006. "Disposition of Lead (Pb) in Saliva and Blood of Sprague-Dawley Rats Following a Single or Repeated Oral Exposure to Pb-Acetate." Toxicology 222, no. 1-2:86-94. PNWD-SA-7231. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2006.01.030

2005

  • Corley R.A., D.M. Grant, E. Farris, K.K. Weitz, J.J. Soelberg, K.D. Thrall, and T.S. Poet. 2005. "DETERMINATION OF AGE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES AFFECTING THE DISPOSITION OF 2-BUTOXYETHANOL AND ITS METABOLITES IN MICE AND RATS TO IMPROVE PBPK MODELING." Toxicology Letters 156, no. 1:127-161. PNWD-SA-6663.
  • Corley R.A., M.J. Bartels, E.W. Carney, K.K. Weitz, J.J. Soelberg, R.A. Gies, and K.D. Thrall. 2005. "DEVELOPMENT OF A PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL FOR ETHYLENE GLYCOL AND ITS MAJOR METABOLITE, GLYCOLIC ACID, IN RATS AND HUMANS." Toxicological Sciences 85, no. 1:476-490. PNWD-SA-6682.
  • Corley R.A., R.A. Gies, H. Wu, and K.K. Weitz. 2005. "DEVELOPMENT OF A PHYSIOLOGICALLY BASED PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL FOR PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER AND ITS ACETATE IN RATS AND HUMANS." Toxicology Letters 156, no. 1:193-213. PNWD-SA-6665.
  • Yantasee W., C. Timchalk, K.K. Weitz, D.A. Moore, and Y. Lin. 2005. "Optimization of A Portable Microanalytical System to Reduce Electrode Fouling from Proteins Associated with Biomonitoring of Lead (Pb) in Saliva." Talanta 67, no. 3:617-624. PNWD-SA-6834.

2003

  • Kimzey A.L., K.K. Weitz, F.P. Guengerich, and R.C. Zangar. 2003. "Hydroperoxy-10,12-octadecadienoic acid stimulates cytochrome P450 3A protein aggregation by a mechanism that is inhibited by substrate." Biochemistry 42, no. 43:12691-12699. PNWD-SA-6153.
  • Poet T.S., J.J. Soelberg, K.K. Weitz, T.J. Mast, R.A. Miller, B.D. Thrall, and R.A. Corley. 2003. "Mode of Action and Pharmacokinetic Studies of 2-Butoxyethanol in the Mouse with an Emphasis on Forestomach Dosimetry." Toxicological Sciences 71, no. 2:176-189. PNWD-SA-6155.
  • Thrall K.D., R.E. Schwartz, K.K. Weitz, J.J. Soelberg, G.L. Foureman, J.D. Prah, and C. Timchalk. 2003. "A Real-time Method to Evaluate the Nasal Deposition and Clearance of Acetone in the Human Volunteer." Inhalation Toxicology 15, no. 6:523-538. PNWD-SA-5844.

2001

  • Thrall K.D., P.J. Callahan, K.K. Weitz, J.A. Edwards, M.C. Brinkman, and D.V. Kenny. 2001. "Design and evaluation of a breath-analysis system for biological monitoring of volatile compounds." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 62, no. 1:28-35. PNNL-SA-32940.
  • Timchalk C., T.S. Poet, Y. Lin, K.K. Weitz, R. Zhao, and K.D. Thrall. 2001. "Development of an Integrated Micro-Analytical System for Lead in Saliva and Linkage to a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model Describing Lead Saliva Secretion." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 62, no. 3:295-302. PNNL-SA-32610.

2000

  • Poet T.S., K.D. Thrall, R.A. Corley, X.Y. Hui, J.A. Edwards, K.K. Weitz, and H.I. Maibach, et al. 2000. "Utility of real time breath analysis and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling to determine the percutaneous absorption of methyl chloroform in rats and humans." Toxicological Sciences 54, no. 1:42-51. PNNL-SA-31396.
  • Poet T.S., R.A. Corley, K.D. Thrall, J.A. Edwards, H. Tanojo, K.K. Weitz, and X. Hui, et al. 2000. "Assessment of the Percutaneous Absorption of Trichloroethylene in Rats and Humans Using MS/MS Real Time Breath Analysis and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling." Toxicological Sciences 56, no. 1:61-72. PNWD-SA-5053.
  • Thrall K.D., M.E. Vucelick, R.A. Gies, R.C. Zangar, K.K. Weitz, T.S. Poet, and D.L. Springer, et al. 2000. "Comparative Metabolism of Carbon Tetrachloride in Rats, Mice and Hamsters Using Gas Uptake and PBPK Modeling." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 60, no. 8:531-548. PNWD-SA-5084.
  • Thrall K.D., T.S. Poet, R.A. Corley, H. Tanojo, J.A. Edwards, K.K. Weitz, and X. Hui, et al. 2000. "A Real-Time In-vivo Method for Studying the Percutaneous Absorption of Volatile Chemicals." International Journal of Occupational Environmental Health 6, no. 2:96-103. PNWD-SA-5077.