Chemist
Chemist

Biography

Dr. Phillip Koech received a B.Ed. (Science) from Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya, M.S. from Central Michigan University and Ph.D. from The University of Texas at Austin. He joined PNNL in 2007, where he has been working on the design, synthesis, and characterization of organic molecules for CO2 capture and other applications.

Education

  • Ph.D., Organic Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 2007
  • M.S., Organic Chemistry, Central Michigan University, 2002
  • B.Ed. (Science), Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya, 1999

Affiliations and Professional Service

  • American Chemical Society
  • National Organization for the Professional Advancement of Black Chemists and Chemical Engineers
  • Sigma Xi

Awards and Recognitions

  • Welch Summer Research Fellowship, University of Texas at Austin, 2005
  • Dean's Excellence Award, University of Texas at Austin, 2002
  • Graduate Student Research Grant, Central Michigan University, 2001
  • Dean's List Tuition Award, Kenyatta University, 1997

Patents

Publications

2022

  • Barpaga D., Y. Jiang, R.F. Zheng, D. Malhotra, P.K. Koech, A. Zwoster, and P.M. Mathias, et al. 2022. "Evaluation of a third Generation Single-Component Water-Lean Diamine Solvent for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 10, no. 14:4522-4528. PNNL-SA-168249. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c08401

2021

  • Nguyen M., K. Grubel, D. Zhang, P.K. Koech, D. Malhotra, S.I. Allec, and R.J. Rousseau, et al. 2021. "Amphiphilic Water-Lean Carbon Capture Solvent Wetting Behavior through Decomposition by Stainless-Steel Interfaces." ChemSusChem 14, no. 23:5283-5292. PNNL-SA-163590. doi:10.1002/cssc.202101350

2020

  • Cantu Cantu D., D. Malhotra, M. Nguyen, P.K. Koech, D. Zhang, V. Glezakou, and R.J. Rousseau, et al. 2020. "Molecular-Level Overhaul of y-Aminopropyl Aminosilicone/Triethylene Glycol Post-Combustion CO2-Capture Solvents." ChemSusChem 13, no. 13:3429-3438. PNNL-SA-152126. doi:10.1002/cssc.202000724
  • Rod K.A., C.A. Fernandez, M. Nguyen, J.B. Gardiner, N.J. Huerta, V. Glezakou, and T. Varga, et al. 2020. "Polymer-cement composites with adhesion and re-adhesion (healing) to casing capability for geothermal wellbore applications." Cement and Concrete Composites 107. PNNL-SA-140589. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103490
  • Rod K.A., C.A. Fernandez, P.K. Koech, G.L. Dai, M. Correa, N.J. Huerta, and S.D. Burton, et al. 2020. "Self-Repairing Polymer-Modified Cements for High Temperature Geothermal and Fossil Energy Applications." Geothermics 85. PNNL-SA-140314. doi:10.1016/j.geothermics.2019.101790
  • Zheng R.F., D. Barpaga, P.M. Mathias, D. Malhotra, P.K. Koech, Y. Jiang, and M. Bhakta, et al. 2020. "A Single-Component Water-Lean Post-Combustion CO2 Capture Solvent with Exceptionally Low Operational Heat and Total Costs of Capture - Comprehensive Experimental and Theoretical Evaluation." Energy & Environmental Science 13, no. 11:4106-4113. PNNL-SA-153508. doi:10.1039/D0EE02585B

2019

  • Malhotra D., D. Cantu Cantu, P.K. Koech, D.J. Heldebrant, A.J. Karkamkar, F. Zheng, and M.D. Bearden, et al. 2019. "Directed Hydrogen Bond Placement: Low Viscosity Amine Solvents for CO2 Capture." ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 7, no. 8:7535-7542. PNNL-SA-139613. doi:10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05481
  • Polikarpov E., C.A. Fernandez, G.W. Coffey, S.K. Nune, A.J. Karkamkar, B.J. Garcia, and T.L. Lemmon, et al. 2019. "Toward Polarization-Switched Molecular Pumps." ACS Applied Energy Materials 2, no. 6:4092-4097. PNNL-SA-138089. doi:10.1021/acsaem.9b00252
  • Polikarpov E., K.O. Albrecht, J.P. Page, D. Malhotra, P.K. Koech, L. Cosimbescu, and D.J. Gaspar. 2019. "Critical Fuel Property Evaluation for Potential Gasoline and Diesel Biofuel Blendstocks with Low Sample Volume Availability." Fuel 238. PNNL-SA-134684. doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2018.09.129
  • Rod K.A., M. Nguyen, M. Elbakhshwan, S. Gill, B. Kutchko, T. Varga, and A.L. McKinney, et al. 2019. "Insights into the physical and chemical properties of a cement-polymer composite developed for geothermal wellbore applications." Cement and Concrete Composites 97. PNNL-SA-131466. doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.12.022

2018

  • Fernandez C.A., K.A. Rod, N.J. Huerta, and P.K. Koech. 2018. "Advanced Polymer-Modified Cements for Subsurface Applications." In Proceedings of the 43rd Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, February 12-14, 2018, Stanford, CA, SGP-TR-213, 1-8. Stanford, California:Stanford University. PNNL-SA-132427.
  • Liu J., M.D. Bearden, C.A. Fernandez, L.S. Fifield, S.K. Nune, R.K. Motkuri, and P.K. Koech, et al. 2018. "Techno-economic analysis of magnesium extraction from seawater via a catalyzed organo-metathetical process." JOM. The Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society 70, no. 3:431-435. PNNL-SA-119113. doi:10.1007/s11837-017-2735-6
  • Nguyen M., Z. Wang, K.A. Rod, M.I. Childers, C.A. Fernandez, P.K. Koech, and W.D. Bennett, et al. 2018. "Atomic origins of the self-healing function in cement-polymer composites." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 10, no. 3:3011-3019. PNNL-SA-130887. doi:10.1021/acsami.7b13309

2017

  • Cantu Cantu D., D. Malhotra, P.K. Koech, D.J. Heldebrant, F. Zheng, C.J. Freeman, and R.J. Rousseau, et al. 2017. "Integrated Solvent Design for CO2 Capture and Viscosity Tuning." Energy Procedia 114. PNNL-SA-121494. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1215
  • Childers M.I., M. Nguyen, K.A. Rod, P.K. Koech, W. Um, J. Chun, and V. Glezakou, et al. 2017. "Polymer-Cement Composites with Self-Healing Ability for Geothermal and Fossil Energy Applications." Chemistry of Materials 29, no. 11:4708-4718. PNNL-SA-127162. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b00344
  • Heldebrant D.J., P.K. Koech, R.J. Rousseau, V. Glezakou, D. Cantu Cantu, D. Malhotra, and F. Zheng, et al. 2017. "Are Water-Lean Solvent Systems Viable for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture?." Energy Procedia 114. PNNL-SA-121489. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1218
  • Heldebrant D.J., P.K. Koech, V. Glezakou, R.J. Rousseau, D. Malhotra, and D. Cantu Cantu. 2017. "Water-Lean Solvents for Post-Combustion CO2 Capture: Fundamentals, Uncertainties, Opportunities and Outlook." Chemical Reviews 117, no. 14:9594-9624. PNNL-SA-122499. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00768
  • Malhotra D., J.P. Page, M.E. Bowden, A.J. Karkamkar, D.J. Heldebrant, V. Glezakou, and R.J. Rousseau, et al. 2017. "Phase-Change Aminopyridines as Carbon Dioxide Capture Solvents." Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 56, no. 26:7534-7540. PNNL-SA-124645. doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00874
  • Malhotra D., P.K. Koech, D.J. Heldebrant, D. Cantu Cantu, F. Zheng, V. Glezakou, and R.J. Rousseau. 2017. "Reinventing design principles for developing low-viscosity carbon dioxide-binding organic liquids for flue gas clean up." ChemSusChem 10, no. 3:636-642. PNNL-SA-121959. doi:10.1002/cssc.201601622
  • Zheng J., V.S. Vemuri, L. Estevez, P.K. Koech, T. Varga, D.M. Camaioni, and T.A. Blake, et al. 2017. "Pore-Engineered Metal-Organic Frameworks with Excellent Adsorption of Water and Fluorocarbon Refrigerant for Cooling Applications." Journal of the American Chemical Society 139, no. 31:10601-10604. PNNL-SA-124980. doi:10.1021/jacs.7b04872

2016

  • Anderson L.N., P.K. Koech, A.E. Plymale, E.V. Landorf, A. Konopka, F. Collart, and M.S. Lipton, et al. 2016. "Live Cell Discovery of Microbial Vitamin Transport and Enzyme-Cofactor Interactions." ACS Chemical Biology 11, no. 2:345-354. PNNL-SA-108145. doi:10.1021/acschembio.5b00918
  • Cantu Cantu D., D. Malhotra, P.K. Koech, D.J. Heldebrant, F. Zheng, C.J. Freeman, and R.J. Rousseau, et al. 2016. "Structure-Property Reduced Order Model for Viscosity Prediction in Single-Component CO2- Binding Organic Liquids." Green Chemistry 18, no. 22:10.1039/C6GC02203K. PNNL-SA-119405. doi:10.1039/c6gc02203k
  • Cantu Cantu D., J. Lee, M. Lee, D.J. Heldebrant, P.K. Koech, C.J. Freeman, and R.J. Rousseau, et al. 2016. "Dynamic Acid/Base Equilibrium in Single Component Switchable Ionic Liquids and Consequences on Viscosity." The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 7, no. 9:1646-1652. PNNL-SA-114453. doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b00395
  • Heldebrant D.J., P.K. Koech, R.J. Rousseau, and V.A. Glezakou. 2016. Accelerating the Development of “Transformational” Solvents for CO2 Separations, Quarterly Progress Report, Budget Period 1, Q3, 2014. PNNL-24285. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Accelerating the Development of “Transformational” Solvents for CO2 Separations, Quarterly Progress Report, Budget Period 1, Q3, 2014
  • Heldebrant D.J., P.K. Koech, R.J. Rousseau, and V.A. Glezakou. 2016. Accelerating the Development of “Transformational” Solvents for CO2 Separations, Quarterly Progress Report, Budget Period 2, Q5, 2015. PNNL-24860. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Accelerating the Development of “Transformational” Solvents for CO2 Separations, Quarterly Progress Report, Budget Period 2, Q5, 2015
  • Heldebrant D.J., P.K. Koech, R.J. Rousseau, and V.A. Glezakou. 2016. Accelerating the Development of “Transformational” Solvents for CO2 Separations. PNNL-24032. Richland, WA: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Accelerating the Development of “Transformational” Solvents for CO2 Separations
  • Zheng F., D.J. Heldebrant, P.M. Mathias, P.K. Koech, M. Bhakta, C.J. Freeman, and M.D. Bearden, et al. 2016. "Bench-Scale Testing and Process Performance Projections of CO2 Capture by CO2-Binding Organic Liquids (CO2BOLs) With and Without Polarity-Swing-Assisted Regeneration." Energy and Fuels 30, no. 2:1192-1203. PNNL-SA-113072. doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b02437

2015

  • Koech P.K., D. Malhotra, D.J. Heldebrant, D. Cantu Cantu, V.A. Glezakou, and R.J. Rousseau. 2015. "Synthesis and characterization of low viscosity carbon dioxide binding organic liquids for flue gas clean up." In Energy & Fuels Preprints Presented at the 249th ACS National Meeting & Exposition, March 22-26, 2015, Denver, Colorado, 60, 628-630. Washington, District Of Columbia:American Chemical Society. PNNL-SA-106437.
  • Mathias P.M., F. Zheng, D.J. Heldebrant, A. Zwoster, G.A. Whyatt, C.J. Freeman, and M.D. Bearden, et al. 2015. "Measuring the Absorption Rate of CO2 in Nonaqueous CO2-Binding Organic Liquid Solvents with a Wetted-Wall Apparatus." ChemSusChem 8, no. 21:3617-3625. PNNL-SA-107295. doi:10.1002/cssc.201500288

2014

  • Heldebrant D.J., V.A. Glezakou, P.K. Koech, P.M. Mathias, D. Cantu Cantu, R.J. Rousseau, and D. Malhotra, et al. 2014. "Evaluating transformational solvent systems for post-combustion CO2 separations." Energy Procedia 63. PNNL-SA-115535. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2015.12.336

2013

  • Koech P.K., J. Zhang, I.V. Kutnyakov, L. Cosimbescu, S. Lee, M.E. Bowden, and T.D. Smurthwaite, et al. 2013. "Low viscosity alkanolguanidine and alkanolamidine liquids for CO2 capture." RSC Advances 3, no. 2:556 - 572. PNWD-SA-10043. doi:10.1039/C2RA22801G
  • Mathias P.M., K. Afshar, F. Zheng, M.D. Bearden, C.J. Freeman, T. Andrea, and P.K. Koech, et al. 2013. "Improving the Regeneration of CO2-Binding Organic Liquids with a Polarity Change." Energy and Environmental Science 6, no. 7:2233-2242. PNNL-SA-94359. doi:10.1039/C3EE41016A
  • Mathias P.M., L.V. Jasperson, D. VonNiederhausern, M.D. Bearden, P.K. Koech, C.J. Freeman, and D.J. Heldebrant. 2013. "Assessing Anhydrous Tertiary Alkanolamines for High-Pressure Gas Purifications." Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 52, no. 49:17562-17572. PNWD-SA-10164. doi:10.1021/ie4020974
  • Rainbolt J.E., P.K. Koech, E. Polikarpov, J.S. Swensen, L. Cosimbescu, A.L. Von Ruden, and L. Wang, et al. 2013. "Synthesis and characterization of p-type conductivity dopant 2-(3-(adamantan-1-yl)propyl)-3,5,6-trifluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 1, no. 9:1876 - 1884. PNNL-SA-77092. doi:10.1039/C3TC00068K
  • Swensen J.S., L. Wang, L. Wang, E. Polikarpov, J.E. Rainbolt, P.K. Koech, and L. Cosimbescu, et al. 2013. "Near independence of OLED operating voltage on transport layer thickness." Synthetic Metals 163. PNNL-SA-86614. doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2012.12.015
  • Zhang J., I.V. Kutnyakov, P.K. Koech, A. Zwoster, C.J. Howard, F. Zheng, and C.J. Freeman, et al. 2013. "CO2-Binding-Organic-Liquids-Enhanced CO2 Capture using Polarity-Swing-Assisted Regeneration." Energy Procedia 37. PNNL-SA-91349. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.113
  • Zheng J., M. Gu, C.M. Wang, P. Zuo, P.K. Koech, J. Zhang, and J. Liu, et al. 2013. "Controlled Nucleation and Growth Process of Li2S2/Li2S in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries." Journal of the Electrochemical Society 160, no. 11:A1992-A1996. PNNL-SA-94263. doi:10.1149/2.032311jes

2012

  • Chauvigne-Hines L.M., L.N. Anderson, H.M. Weaver, J.N. Brown, P.K. Koech, C.D. Nicora, and B.A. Hofstad, et al. 2012. "Suite of Activity-Based Probes for Cellulose-Degrading Enzymes." Journal of the American Chemical Society 134, no. 50:20521-20532. PNNL-SA-91066. doi:10.1021/ja309790w
  • Swensen J.S., L. Wang, L. Wang, J.E. Rainbolt, P.K. Koech, E. Polikarpov, and D.J. Gaspar, et al. 2012. "Characterization of solution processed, p-doped films using hole-only devices and organic field-effect transistors." Organic Electronics 13, no. 12:3085-3090. PNNL-SA-82955. doi:10.1016/j.orgel.2012.07.045
  • Xu W., A.L. Read, P.K. Koech, D. Hu, C.M. Wang, J. Xiao, and A.B. Padmaperuma, et al. 2012. "Factors Affecting the Battery Performance of Anthraquinone-based Organic Cathode Materials." Journal of Materials Chemistry 22, no. 9:4032-4039. PNNL-SA-83987. doi:10.1039/c2jm15764k

2011

  • Heldebrant D.J., P.K. Koech, J.E. Rainbolt, and F. Zheng. 2011. "CO2-Binding Organic Liquids, an Integrated Acid Gas Capture System." Energy Procedia 4. PNNL-SA-74727. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2011.01.044
  • Heldebrant D.J., P.K. Koech, J.E. Rainbolt, F. Zheng, T.D. Smurthwaite, C.J. Freeman, and M. Oss, et al. 2011. "Performance of Single-Component CO2-Binding Organic Liquids (CO2BOLs) For Post Combustion CO2 Capture." Chemical Engineering Journal 171, no. 3:794-800. PNNL-SA-73185. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2011.02.012
  • Koech P.K., D.J. Heldebrant, S. Lee, J.E. Rainbolt, and T.D. Smurthwaite. 2011. "Synthesis, characterization and application of alkanolamidines and alkanolguanidines in CO(2) capture." In 241st National Meeting and Exposition of the American Chemical Society, March 27-31, 2011, Anaheim, California, 241, 48-FUEL. Washington, Dc:American Chemical Society. PNNL-SA-76040.
  • Koech P.K., J.E. Rainbolt, M.D. Bearden, F. Zheng, and D.J. Heldebrant. 2011. "Chemically Selective Gas Sweetening Without Thermal-Swing Regeneration." Energy & Environmental Science 4, no. 4:1385-1390. PNWD-SA-9236. doi:10.1039/c0ee00839g
  • Polikarpov E., P.K. Koech, L. Wang, J.S. Swensen, L. Cosimbescu, J.E. Rainbolt, and A.L. Von Ruden, et al. 2011. "Controlling charge transport in blue organic light-emitting devices by chemical functionalization of host materials." Journal of Photonics for Energy 1. PNNL-SA-74814. doi:10.1117/1.3528499
  • Swensen J.S., J.E. Rainbolt, L. Wang, P.K. Koech, E. Polikarpov, A.B. Padmaperuma, and D.J. Gaspar. 2011. "Blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices utilizing cesium-carbonate-doped 2,4,6-tris(2',4'-difluoro-[1,1'- biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine." Journal of Photonics for Energy 1. PNNL-SA-74897. doi:10.1117/1.3528003
  • Xiao J., X. Wang, X. Yang, S. Xun, G. Liu, P.K. Koech, and J. Liu, et al. 2011. "Electrochemically Induced High Capacity Displacement Reaction of PEO/MoS2/Graphene Nanocomposites with Lithium." Advanced Functional Materials 21, no. 15:2840-2846. PNNL-SA-76336. doi:10.1002/adfm.201002752

2010

  • Cosimbescu L., P.K. Koech, E. Polikarpov, J.S. Swensen, A.L. Von Ruden, J.E. Rainbolt, and A.B. Padmaperuma. 2010. "Molecular Engineering of Host Materials for Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs: Past, Present and Future." In SID International Symposium Digest of Technical Papers, Papers from the Annual Symposium, May 23-28, 2010, Seattle, Washington, 41, 1887-1889. Campbell, California:Society for Information Display. PNNL-SA-71348. doi:10.1889/1.3500379
  • Heldebrant D.J., P.K. Koech, and C.R. Yonker. 2010. "A reversible zwitterionic SO2-binding organic liquid." Energy & Environmental Science 3, no. 1:111-113. PNNL-SA-65189. doi:10.1039/B916550A
  • Heldebrant D.J., P.K. Koech, and C.R. Yonker. 2010. "A reversible zwitterionic SO2-binding organic liquid." Energy & Environmental Science 3, no. 1:111-113. PNNL-SA-65940. doi:10.1039/b916550a
  • Heldebrant D.J., P.K. Koech, C.R. Yonker, J.E. Rainbolt, and F. Zheng. 2010. "Reversible Acid Gas Capture Using CO2-Binding Organic Liquids." In Preprints of Symposia - American Chemical Society Fuel Chemistry Division, 55, 81-82. Washington Dc:American Chemical Society. PNNL-SA-69452.
  • Heldebrant D.J., P.K. Koech, J.E. Rainbolt, and F. Zheng. 2010. "Acid Gas Capture Using CO2-Binding Organic Liquids." In Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Meeting of the AIChE, November 7-12, 2010, Salt Lake City, Utah, Paper No. 334d. New York:American Institute of Chemical Engineers. PNNL-SA-65561.
  • Heldebrant D.J., P.K. Koech, T. Ang, C. Liang, J.E. Rainbolt, C.R. Yonker, and P.G. Jessop. 2010. "Reversible zwitterionic liquids, the reaction of alkanol guanidines, alkanol amidines, and diamines with CO2." Green Chemistry 12, no. 4:713-721. PNNL-SA-69761. doi:10.1039/b924790d
  • Koech P.K., A.B. Padmaperuma, L. Wang, J.S. Swensen, E. Polikarpov, J.T. Darsell, and J.E. Rainbolt, et al. 2010. "Synthesis and application of 1,3,4,5,7,8-Hexafluorotetracyanonaphtoquinodimethane (F6-TNAP): A Conductivity Dopant for Organic Light-Emitting Devices." Chemistry of Materials 22, no. 13:3926-3932. PNNL-SA-68774.
  • Koech P.K., D.J. Heldebrant, J.E. Rainbolt, F. Zheng, and T.D. Smurthwaite. 2010. "Synthesis, characterization and performance of single-component CO2-binding organic liquids (CO2BOL) for post combustion CO2 capture." In Preprints of Symposia, American Chemical Society. Division of Fuel Chemistry, August 22-26, 2010, Boston, MA, 55, 553-554. Washington Dc:American Chemical Society. PNNL-SA-71880.
  • Koech P.K., E. Polikarpov, J.E. Rainbolt, L. Cosimbescu, J.S. Swensen, A.L. Von Ruden, and A.B. Padmaperuma. 2010. "Synthesis and application of pyridine-based ambipolar hosts: control of charge balance in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) by chemical structure modification." Organic Letters 12, no. 23:5534-5537. PNNL-SA-75168. doi:10.1021/ol102444j
  • Polikarpov E., J.S. Swensen, L. Cosimbescu, P.K. Koech, J.E. Rainbolt, and A.B. Padmaperuma. 2010. "Emission Zone Control in Blue Organic Electrophosphorescent Devices Through Chemical Modification of Host Materials." Applied Physics Letters 96, no. 5:Art. No. 053306. PNNL-SA-68607. doi:10.1063/1.3298556
  • Rainbolt J.E., P.K. Koech, C.R. Yonker, F. Zheng, D. Main, M.L. Weaver, and J.C. Linehan, et al. 2010. "Anhydrous Tertiary Alkanolamines as Hybrid Chemical and Physical CO2 Capture Reagents with Pressure-Swing Regeneration." Energy & Environmental Science 4, no. 2:480-484. PNWD-SA-9112. doi:10.1039/C0EE00506A
  • Von Ruden A.L., L. Cosimbescu, E. Polikarpov, P.K. Koech, J.S. Swensen, L. Wang, and J.T. Darsell, et al. 2010. "Phosphine Oxide Based Electron Transporting and Hole Blocking Materials for Blue Electrophosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Devices." Chemistry of Materials 22, no. 20:5678-5686. PNNL-SA-72786. doi:10.1021/cm1013653
  • Xiao J., D. Choi, L. Cosimbescu, P.K. Koech, J. Liu, and J.P. Lemmon. 2010. "Exfoliated MoS2 Nanocomposite as an Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries." Chemistry of Materials 22, no. 16:4522-4524. PNNL-SA-72496.

2009

  • Koech P.K., L.S. Sapochak, J.E. Rainbolt, L. Cosimbescu, E. Polikarpov, J.S. Swensen, and L. Wang, et al. 2009. "Design of new anchored p-dopants for high power efficiency OLEDs." In Organic Light Emitting Materials and Devices XIII: Proceedings of the SPIE, edited by F So and C Adachi, 7415, Article No. 741505. Bellingham, Washington:SPIE. PNNL-SA-67550. doi:10.1117/12.827298
  • Padmaperuma A.B., P.K. Koech, L. Cosimbescu, E. Polikarpov, J.S. Swensen, N. Chopra, and F. So, et al. 2009. "Tuning charge balance in PHOLEDs with ambipolar host materials to achieve high efficiency." In Organic Light Emitting Materials and Devices XIII: Proceedings of the SPIE, edited by F So and C Adachi, 7415, Paper No. 74150H. Bellingham, Washington:SPIE. PNNL-SA-68473. doi:10.1117/12.826905