Instrumentation and Measurement Capabilities
Many instruments on the G-1 are provided, maintained, and operated by PNNL. However, collaborative investigations with scientists from other research organizations greatly expand the measurement capabilities of the RAF. Access to collaborative instruments must be individually arranged for each mission. Italics font is used to indicate collaborative instruments in the tables that follow.
| Real-time Particles |
| Measurement |
Instrument |
Technique |
Range |
Source |
| Size distribution |
PMS PCASP-100X/DMT-SPP-200 |
Optical light scattering |
0.1-3 μm |
PNNL |
| Condensation particle concentration |
TSI 3010 |
Supersaturation + optical detection |
>7 nm
0-105 /cm3 |
PNNL |
| Ultrafine particle concentration |
TSI 3025A |
supersaturation + optical detection |
>3 nm
0-105 /cm3 |
PNNL |
| Aerosol light scattering (bscat, total scat) |
TSI 3563 |
3-wavelength integrating nephelometer |
0-10-3/m |
PNNL |
| Optical absorption coefficient |
Radiance PSAP |
Differential filter transmissivity |
0-10-5/m |
PNNL |
| Aerosol size distributions |
Tandem Scanning Electrical Mobility System (TSEMS) |
Electrical mobility & optical counting |
5 - 800 nm
@ 60s
noise ~N1/2 |
BNL |
| Particle organic composition |
Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer |
TOF sizing, thermal vaporization, electron impact ionization, quadrupole MS |
20 nm - 2 μm
0.1 μg/m3
10<m/z<300 amu
@ 1 s integration |
PNNL |
| Isokinetic aerosol inlet |
Brechtel inlet |
Double-diffuser, active inlet |
90 - 110 m/s TAS, 0-2500 m altitude |
PNNL |
| Real-time Gases |
| Measurement |
Instrument |
Technique |
Range |
Source |
| O3 |
TEI 49 |
UV absorption |
5-500 ppb |
BNL
PNNL |
| O3 |
Dasibi 1008 |
UV absorption |
5-1 ppm |
PNNL |
| SO2 |
TEI 43S |
Pulsed fluorescence |
0.3-200 ppb |
BNL
PNNL |
| CO |
Vacuum UV |
UV fluorescence |
<5 ppb @1 s |
BNL |
| CO |
TEI 48 |
IR absorption/gas filter correlation |
20 ppb @10s |
BNL
PNNL |
| NO/NO2/NOy |
3-channel NO/NO2/NOy |
O3 chemiluminescence (NO)
Photolytic conversion (NO2)
Hot Mo conversion (NOy) |
NO ~10 ppt @ 10 s
NO2 ~50 ppt @10 s
NOy ~100 ppt @10 s |
BNL |
| NO/NOy |
TEI 42C |
O3 chemiluminescence |
0.2-200 ppb |
BCO |
| Trace gases |
TAGA |
Mass spectrometry |
ppt to ppb (compound specific) |
BCO |
| Trace gases |
API-365 |
Mass spectrometry |
ppt to ppb (compound specific) |
BCO |
| Hydrocarbon trace gases |
Ionicon Analytik
PTR-MS |
Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry |
~100 ppt detection limit |
PNNL |
| Formaldehyde |
Battelle built |
Derivatization/fluorescence |
0.1-100 ppb |
BCO |
| H2O2
| 3-channel Peroxide System |
Glass scrubber, selective derivitization, fluorimetry |
~60 ppt @1 min |
BNL |
| Time-Integrated Gases and Particles |
| Measurement |
Instrument |
Technique |
Range |
Source |
| PAN |
GC/ECD |
Gas chromatography electron capture detection |
50 ppt-100 ppb |
BCO |
| NO2 & PAN |
PAN/NO2 |
GC/Luminol chemiluminescence |
15-30 ppt det. limit |
ANL |
| VOC |
Canister sampling system |
Pump + SUMMA canisters |
|
ANLM |
| VOC |
VOC-GC |
Gas chromatography |
|
ANL |
| HCHO+Carbonyls |
HPLC Sampling System |
High pressure liquid chromatography |
10-20 ppt
@ 90 s |
BNL |
| Particle ionic composition |
Particle-in-Liquid System (PILS) |
Liquid ion chromatography |
~0.1 μg/m3
@ ~3 min. |
BNL |
| Single particle chemical composition |
Time-Resolved Aerosol Collector |
Impaction + CCSEM/EDX |
0.2 - 7 μm
>2 atomic %
30-60 s sample |
PNNL |
| Radiation |
| Measurement |
Instrument |
Technique |
Range |
Source |
| UV radiation, up- & downwelling |
Eppley |
Radiometer |
295-385 nm |
PNNL |
| Short-wave irradiance, up- & downwelling |
Eppley PSP |
Pyranometer |
285-2800 nm |
PNNL |
| Long-wave irradiance, up- & downwelling |
Eppley PIR |
Pyrgeometer |
4-50 μm |
PNNL |
| Short-wave spectral irradiance, up- & downwelling |
Yankee MFR |
Radiometer |
415, 500, 615, 665, 862, & 940 nm; 10 nm FWHM |
PNNL |
| Surface/Sky IR temperature |
PRT 5 |
IR radiometry |
9.5-11.5 μm
-20 to 50 C |
PNNL |
| Meteorology |
| Measurement |
Instrument |
Technique |
Range |
Source |
| Temperature |
Rosemount 102U2U/510BF |
Platinum resistance |
-50 to +50°C |
PNNL |
| |
Rosemount E102AL/510BF |
Platinum resistance |
-50 to +50°C |
PNNL |
| Dew-point temperature |
General Eastern 1011B |
Cooled mirror hygrometer |
-75 to +50°C |
PNNL |
| Absolute humidity |
AIR |
Lyman-Alpha Hygrometer |
-60 to +50°C |
PNNL |
| Static pressure |
Rosemount 1201F1 |
Capacitive capsule with electronic conditioning (temperature correction, etc.) |
400 to 1060 mb; -55°C to +71°C |
PNNL |
| Gust-probe differential pressure, attack & sideslip |
Rosemont 1221F2 |
Capacitive capsule with electronic conditioning (temperature correction, etc.) |
-40 to +40mb; -55°C to +71°C |
PNNL |
| Gust-probe differential pressure, dynamic |
Rosemont 1221F2 |
Capacitive capsule with electronic conditioning (temperature correction, etc.) |
0 to +100mb; -55°C to +71°C |
PNNL |
| Cloud Physics |
| Measurement |
Instrument |
Technique |
Range |
Source |
| Particle & Droplet size distribution |
DMT CAPS |
Optical light scattering |
.5-50μm |
BNL |
| Particle & droplet imaging |
DMT CAPS |
Optical imaging |
25-1550μm |
BNL |
| Airspeed |
DMT CAPS |
Pitot tube |
20-200m/s |
BNL |
| Ambient & internal temperatures |
DMT CAPS |
--- |
-50 to +50 C |
BNL |
| Liquid water content |
DMT CAPS |
Hot wire |
0.01-3.0 g/m3 |
BNL |
| Liquid water content |
PMS KLWC-5 |
Hot wire |
0-5 g/m3 |
PNNL |
| Liquid water content and droplet size |
Gerber PVM-100A |
Optical light scattering |
0-10 g/m3
2-70 μm |
PNNL |
| Droplet size distribution |
PMS FSSP-300 |
Optical light scattering |
2-47 μm |
PNNL |
| |
PMS OAP-2D |
Optical light scattering |
20-1240 μm |
PNNL |
| Cloud water |
SUNY/NCAR (modified) |
Manually-operated collectors |
-- |
PNNL |
| Cloud condensation nuclei |
DH Associates CCN |
Supersaturation/optical imaging |
submicron |
PNNL |
| Other |
| Measurement |
Instrument |
Technique |
Range |
Source |
| Position & velocity |
Garmin 500 |
GPS |
-- |
PNNL |
| Position & velocity |
Trimble 3000 |
GPS |
-- |
PNNL |
| Position, velocity (1Hz), attitude (10Hz) |
Trimble TANS Vector |
4-antenna GPS |
-- |
PNNL |
| Position & velocity (10Hz) |
Trimble DSM |
GPS |
|
PNNL |
| Aircraft altitude |
Rosemount 1201F1 |
Absolute pressure transducer |
-- |
PNNL |
| Height above ground |
Terra |
Radar altimeter |
200-2400 ft. |
PNNL |
| Traffic & collision avoidance system |
BF Goodrich SKY497 |
Transponder |
|
PNNL |
| Terrain awareness and warning system |
Landmark TAWS 8000 |
DEM/GPS |
|
PNNL |
| Lightning |
WX500 Stormscope |
Static discharge detection |
|
|
| Photographs |
Olympus |
C-720 digital camera |
-- |
PNNL |
| Area precipitation |
Honeywell-Sperry |
Color weather radar |
(not recorded) |
PNNL |
